Reeves County

Reeves County is located in far West Texas along the New Mexico border, within the Trans-Pecos region. Established in 1883 and organized in 1884, it developed around ranching, rail transport, and later large-scale oil and gas production tied to the Permian Basin. The county is sparsely populated and rural in character, with about 14,000 residents, and is anchored by the city of Pecos. Its landscape is defined by arid plains, desert vegetation, and broad open rangeland, with a dry climate typical of the Chihuahuan Desert margins. The local economy centers on energy extraction and related services, alongside agriculture and livestock operations. Cultural and regional identity reflects the wider West Texas borderlands, combining small-town communities, long-distance transportation corridors, and a strong connection to land and resource-based industries. The county seat is Pecos.

Reeves County is located in far West Texas within the Permian Basin region, with its county seat in Pecos. The county borders New Mexico and is part of a sparsely populated, energy- and agriculture-influenced area of the state.

Population Size

According to the U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts for Reeves County, Texas, Reeves County had an estimated population of 13,233 (2023).

Age & Gender

The U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts profile reports the following for Reeves County (most recently available in QuickFacts):

• Age distribution
  • Under 18 years: 25.2%
  • 65 years and over: 11.0%
• Gender ratio
  • Female persons: 35.3% (implying a substantially male-skewed population share)

Racial & Ethnic Composition

From the U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts profile for Reeves County (race and Hispanic origin reported as separate concepts in Census products):

• Hispanic or Latino (of any race): 66.7%
• Race (alone)
  • White: 80.6%
  • Black or African American: 3.6%
  • American Indian and Alaska Native: 1.5%
  • Asian: 1.2%
  • Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander: 0.2%
  • Two or more races: 12.4%

Household & Housing Data

Key household and housing indicators reported in U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts include:

• Households (2019–2023): 3,889
• Persons per household (2019–2023): 3.20
• Owner-occupied housing unit rate (2019–2023): 46.6%
• Median value of owner-occupied housing units (2019–2023, in 2023 dollars): $154,200
• Median gross rent (2019–2023, in 2023 dollars): $1,109

For local government and planning resources, visit the Reeves County official website.

Reeves County is a sparsely populated West Texas county anchored by Pecos, with long distances between households and infrastructure corridors that can constrain last‑mile internet buildout and make digital communication (including email) more dependent on available fixed or mobile broadband.

Direct county-level email usage rates are not routinely published, so broadband and device access are used as proxies. The U.S. Census Bureau (data.census.gov) provides county indicators such as household broadband subscriptions and computer access; higher subscription and device rates generally correlate with higher email adoption, while gaps indicate barriers to routine email use.

Age structure also affects adoption: older populations tend to have lower digital account usage, while working-age adults show higher reliance on email for employment, school, and services. Reeves County’s age distribution can be referenced through Census age tables. Gender is typically a minor factor relative to age and connectivity; county sex composition is available from the same source.

Connectivity constraints in remote areas may include limited provider competition, uneven fixed-broadband coverage, and reliance on cellular service; local context is reflected in Reeves County resources and federal broadband availability reporting such as the FCC National Broadband Map.

Reeves County is in far West Texas along the Interstate 20 corridor, anchored by the City of Pecos (the county seat) and extensive unincorporated areas. The county sits within the Chihuahuan Desert region, with long distances between settlements and relatively low population density compared with Texas metropolitan counties. These rural and semi-rural settlement patterns and large coverage areas per tower are material factors for mobile connectivity, particularly for consistent signal strength and mid-band/low-band coverage away from highway corridors and towns. County geography and basic demographics are available via the U.S. Census Bureau’s QuickFacts profile for Reeves County, Texas.

Key distinction: network availability vs. adoption

• Network availability refers to where mobile operators report having service (coverage) and what technologies are deployed (e.g., 4G LTE, 5G variants).
• Household adoption refers to whether residents subscribe to mobile service, use mobile data, or rely on mobile-only access rather than fixed broadband.

County-level availability data is more commonly published than county-level adoption or device-type shares. Where only broader-area (state or tract-level) indicators exist, the limitations are noted.

Mobile penetration / access indicators (adoption)

County-specific “mobile subscription penetration” is not typically published as a single official metric (analogous to mobile SIMs per 100 people) for U.S. counties. The most consistent public adoption indicators come from household survey-based measures of internet subscription types:

• The U.S. Census Bureau’s American Community Survey (ACS) reports household internet subscription categories (including cellular data plan) at multiple geographies. The most relevant table series is the ACS “Types of Internet Subscriptions” (commonly referenced as Table S2801). Access pathways to Reeves County values include:
  • data.census.gov (ACS tables and downloads) (search for Reeves County, TX and S2801).
• The Census Bureau also publishes national guidance and methodology for these measures via the American Community Survey program pages.

Limitation: ACS internet-subscription estimates at the county level can have sizable margins of error in less-populated counties, and “cellular data plan” is a household subscription category rather than a direct measure of individual mobile phone ownership. It does, however, provide an official indicator of household adoption of mobile broadband service and the prevalence of mobile-only internet (households with cellular data plans and no other subscription types).

Mobile internet usage patterns and technology availability (4G/5G)

Reported 4G LTE and 5G availability (coverage)

For U.S. counties, the most comprehensive public source for provider-reported mobile broadband coverage is the Federal Communications Commission (FCC):

• The FCC’s National Broadband Map provides mobile broadband availability by provider and technology, including 4G LTE and multiple 5G categories (as reported). The map allows location-level checks and downloadable datasets.
• The underlying reporting program is documented through the FCC’s Broadband Data Collection (BDC) pages.

How this typically presents in Reeves County context (availability, not performance):

• 4G LTE is generally the baseline layer expected across populated areas and major road corridors, but reported coverage does not guarantee consistent indoor service or uniform speeds across sparsely populated desert terrain.
• 5G availability tends to be concentrated around towns, transportation corridors, and areas where providers have deployed 5G radio access and supporting backhaul. Provider-reported 5G coverage can include low-band wide-area layers and may not indicate high-capacity mid-band service everywhere within a reported polygon.

Limitation: FCC availability data is provider-reported and describes where service is claimed to be available under defined parameters. It does not directly measure actual user experience (throughput, congestion, indoor coverage), and it does not measure adoption.

Texas state broadband context (availability planning and mapping)

State-level broadband planning and mapping resources provide additional context for coverage and infrastructure initiatives:

• The Texas Broadband Development Office (BDO) publishes state broadband planning materials and mapping-related resources. These sources are primarily oriented to broadband policy and infrastructure; they can complement FCC data but are not a direct measure of county mobile adoption.

Common device types (smartphones vs. other devices)

County-level device-type shares (smartphone vs. basic phone, tablet, hotspot) are not commonly published in official administrative datasets. The most reliable public indicators at county scale focus on whether households have internet subscriptions and what types, rather than the specific devices used.

Relevant, defensible proxies include:

• Household cellular-data-plan subscriptions (ACS S2801): indicates reliance on mobile broadband, which is typically smartphone-based but can also reflect dedicated hotspots or other cellular-connected devices.
• Household computing device availability (ACS): ACS tables also cover computer ownership categories (desktop/laptop/tablet). These are not mobile phone counts, but they help characterize whether households may depend more heavily on smartphones for connectivity due to limited computer availability. These tables are accessible via data.census.gov.

Limitation: Without a county-level survey explicitly enumerating phone types, statements about the proportion of smartphones versus feature phones in Reeves County cannot be made definitively from standard public administrative sources.

Demographic and geographic factors influencing mobile usage and connectivity

Settlement pattern, distance, and terrain

• Reeves County’s large land area with dispersed насел (population) outside Pecos increases the cost and complexity of providing dense tower coverage and high-capacity backhaul everywhere. Rural distance and low density tend to produce more coverage variability between highways/towns and remote areas.
• Desert terrain is generally less obstructive than heavily forested or mountainous regions, but long distances and sparse infrastructure still affect site density and capacity.

Population distribution and commuting/transport corridors

• Connectivity is often strongest where demand concentrates: within Pecos and along major corridors (notably I‑20), where tower placement and transport infrastructure are more likely to support consistent service.
• Remote oil-and-gas activity areas and ranchlands may have spotty service depending on proximity to macro sites and available backhaul, but county-wide generalizations about specific industry sites require location-level coverage checks using the FCC map.

Socioeconomic factors affecting adoption (household subscription)

• Household income, housing characteristics, and age distribution can influence whether internet access is primarily mobile-only or includes fixed broadband. These demographic variables are available for Reeves County via Census QuickFacts and in more detail through ACS tables on data.census.gov.
• Limitation: These factors can be described from Census sources, but translating them into precise mobile adoption rates requires the ACS internet subscription tables rather than assumptions.

Practical reading of “availability vs. adoption” for Reeves County

• Availability: Best measured through provider-reported mobile broadband coverage and technologies on the FCC National Broadband Map (4G LTE and 5G layers), supplemented by documentation from FCC BDC.
• Adoption: Best measured through household survey estimates of cellular data plan subscriptions and related internet subscription categories in the ACS via data.census.gov, noting margins of error for smaller counties.

Data limitations (county level)

• No single official county metric consistently reports mobile phone ownership/penetration (SIMs per capita) or smartphone share.
• Official county-level adoption indicators are primarily household internet subscription types (including cellular) from ACS, not direct counts of mobile devices.
• Availability data (FCC) is reported coverage, not a guaranteed measure of real-world performance, indoor service quality, or congestion.

Reeves County is in far West Texas in the Permian Basin, with Pecos as the county seat. The county’s economy is strongly influenced by oil and gas activity and related logistics, and its population is relatively small and dispersed compared with major Texas metros—factors that generally align with heavier reliance on mobile connectivity and major “all‑purpose” social platforms for local news, networking, and community information.

User statistics (penetration / active use)

• County-level note: Publicly available, methodologically consistent social-media penetration estimates are generally not published at the county level for small counties such as Reeves. The most reliable benchmarks come from national surveys and statewide/demographic proxies.
• National benchmark (adults): About 7 in 10 U.S. adults (≈69%) report using at least one social media site, according to the Pew Research Center’s Social Media Use in 2023.
• Internet access context (local adoption constraint): Social media use is bounded by broadband and smartphone access. For county context, Reeves County is part of a region where access can vary by rurality; see the FCC National Broadband Map for location-level availability.

Age group trends (who uses social media most)

Based on the Pew Research Center pattern for U.S. adults:

• 18–29: Highest overall social-media usage (consistently the leading age group across platforms).
• 30–49: High usage, typically second-highest.
• 50–64: Moderate usage.
• 65+: Lowest usage, though still substantial on certain platforms (notably Facebook).

Gender breakdown

County-specific gender splits by platform are not reliably published for small counties; national survey patterns are the most defensible reference:

• Pew Research Center finds gender differences are generally platform-specific rather than universal (for example, women often report higher use on visually oriented or social-connection platforms; men tend to be relatively more represented on some discussion- or video-centric platforms). Overall “any social media” differences by gender are typically modest compared with age effects.

Most-used platforms (with percentages where possible)

The following are U.S. adult usage shares (platform penetration) from the Pew Research Center (used as the most reliable proxy where county-level estimates are unavailable):

• YouTube: 83%
• Facebook: 68%
• Instagram: 47%
• Pinterest: 35%
• TikTok: 33%
• LinkedIn: 30%
• WhatsApp: 29%
• Snapchat: 27%
• X (formerly Twitter): 22%

Behavioral trends (engagement patterns / preferences)

• Mobile-first consumption: Rural and small-county contexts in Texas commonly align with heavier smartphone dependence for social access, especially where fixed broadband options are limited or variable; the Pew Research Center mobile fact findings summarize national smartphone reliance patterns that often intensify in less urban settings.
• Video dominance and passive engagement: Video platforms (especially YouTube) tend to capture broad age coverage and support both active posting and passive viewing; this aligns with national patterns where video is a primary content format across demographics.
• Community information flows: Facebook usage remains strongly associated with local groups, community announcements, and event discovery, especially among adults 30+ (a common pattern in Pew platform-by-age breakdowns).
• Age-skewed platform preferences: TikTok/Snapchat engagement is disproportionately concentrated among younger adults, while Facebook has a comparatively older user profile; this produces distinct content strategies and posting cadence by age cohort (short-form video and frequent viewing among younger users versus group-based updates among older users).
• Workforce/networking signal: In energy-and-logistics labor markets typical of the Permian Basin, LinkedIn tends to function more as a professional credentialing and recruitment channel than a high-frequency social feed, consistent with national usage patterns where LinkedIn is tied to education and employment status (as documented in Pew’s demographic cuts).

Reeves County maintains core family and associate-related public records through several offices. Vital records such as birth and death certificates are created and filed under Texas vital statistics; local issuance for eligible requestors is typically handled through the county clerk, while the state maintains the central registry. Marriage records (marriage license applications/returns) are recorded by the county clerk. Divorce records are maintained as district court case files, with indexing and copies commonly available through the district clerk. Adoption and many child-related court matters are generally sealed and are not part of open public files.

Online access is limited for vital records due to statutory restrictions. Public access to recorded instruments and some case information may be available through county- and statewide portals. Reeves County provides office information for local record custodians, including the Reeves County Clerk (vital records, marriage records, real property records) and the Reeves County District Clerk (district court records such as divorce). County information and contacts are also available via the Reeves County official website.

In-person access commonly occurs at the clerk offices during business hours; certified copies require identification and fees. Privacy restrictions commonly apply to birth and death certificates, sealed adoption files, and records involving minors, while many marriage indexes and court dockets are generally public unless sealed by law or court order.

Types of records available

• Marriage license and marriage application records (Reeves County)

  • Issued and recorded at the county level.
  • Commonly referred to as marriage license records; the file may include the application and the completed/returned license (certificate portion) showing the marriage was performed and returned for recording.

• Divorce records (Reeves County district court)

  • Divorce case files maintained by the district court clerk, typically including the petition, orders, and the final decree of divorce.
  • Some divorces may be handled through the state’s electronic filing and case management processes, but the official court record is maintained by the clerk of the court of record.

• Annulments (Reeves County district court)

  • Annulments are court proceedings resulting in an order/judgment declaring a marriage void or voidable under Texas law.
  • Maintained as civil/family court case records similar to divorces.

Where records are filed and how they can be accessed

• Marriage records

  • Filed/recorded with: Reeves County Clerk (real property and vital-related county records function for marriage licenses).
  • Access: Typically available through in-person requests at the County Clerk’s office and by mail request procedures maintained by the office. Some counties provide online index/search or third-party online access to recorded instruments; availability varies by county implementation.

• Divorce and annulment records

  • Filed with: Reeves County District Clerk (court of record for district court cases, including family law matters such as divorce and annulment).
  • Access: Case files and decrees are accessed through the District Clerk’s public records services, commonly via in-person requests and written/mail requests; online case search or document access depends on local systems and any redaction/sealing rules. Court records may also be viewable through terminals at the courthouse consistent with court access policies.

• State-level confirmation (vital statistics)

  • Texas maintains statewide vital statistics systems for certain events. For marriage and divorce, statewide indexes/verification may be available through the Texas Department of State Health Services (DSHS), Vital Statistics (separate from local certified copies of county and court records).
  • Reference: Texas DSHS Vital Statistics

Typical information included in these records

• Marriage license/application

  • Full legal names of both parties (and often prior names)
  • Ages and/or dates of birth
  • Places of birth
  • Current residences (city/county/state)
  • Date the license was issued
  • Officiant information (name/title) and ceremony date/location (when returned/completed)
  • County recording information (book/page or instrument number) and filing/recording dates
  • In some records: parents’ names, prior marital status, and identification notations (practice varies by time period and local form)

• Divorce decree and case file

  • Names of the parties; cause/case number; court and county; date of decree
  • Findings and orders dissolving the marriage
  • Terms on property division, debt allocation, and name change (when granted)
  • Child-related orders when applicable (conservatorship/custody, possession/access, child support, medical support)
  • Case filings may include financial information, inventories, and other pleadings; content varies by case complexity

• Annulment judgment/order and case file

  • Names of the parties; case number; court and county; date of judgment
  • Court findings establishing the basis for annulment and orders addressing related issues (property, children) where applicable

Privacy or legal restrictions

• Public-record status with statutory and court-ordered limits

  • County-recorded marriage licenses and court records are generally public records in Texas, subject to statutory exceptions, mandatory redaction rules, and court orders.

• Sealed or restricted court records

  • Divorce/annulment files may contain documents that are sealed, restricted, or redacted by law or court order (for example, to protect minors, sensitive personal identifiers, or certain confidential filings). Sealed materials are not available to the general public.

• Mandatory redaction of sensitive identifiers

  • Texas courts and clerks apply redaction practices for sensitive data in publicly available documents (commonly Social Security numbers, driver’s license numbers, and certain financial account numbers) consistent with statewide rules and local policies.

• Certified copies vs. informational copies

  • Clerks commonly distinguish between plain copies and certified copies. Certified copies are issued under clerk certification and may require identity verification and payment of statutory fees; eligibility rules can be more restrictive for certain vital records products handled at the state level.

• Identity and family-violence related confidentiality

  • Certain records and personal information may be protected under confidentiality programs or court orders (for example, address confidentiality protections), which can limit disclosure of specific data elements in otherwise public files.

Reeves County is in far West Texas in the Trans-Pecos region, anchored by the City of Pecos along the I‑20 corridor between Midland–Odessa and El Paso. The county’s economy and population trends are strongly influenced by energy development in the Permian Basin, producing cyclical in‑migration and housing demand. Population size, age structure, and other core demographic indicators are documented in the U.S. Census Bureau’s data.census.gov profiles for Reeves County.

Education Indicators

Public schools and school names

• Primary public school system: Pecos-Barstow-Toyah ISD (PBTISD) serves most of Reeves County’s public K‑12 enrollment.
• Campus names (district-managed): Commonly listed PBTISD campuses include Pecos High School, Zavala Middle School, and elementary campuses in Pecos (campus configurations can change by year). The district publishes current campuses and accountability documents through Pecos-Barstow-Toyah ISD.
• Public charter options: Charter presence varies by year; the most consistent countywide inventory is the state directory of campuses on the Texas Education Agency (TEA) site.

Student–teacher ratios and graduation rates

• Student–teacher ratios: Reported ratios vary by campus and year; Texas publishes staffing and enrollment measures through TEA’s district/campus reporting (used as the authoritative source for ratios and staffing levels) at the TEA data and reports pages. A single countywide ratio is not consistently published in a standalone format; district and campus ratios are the standard proxy.
• Graduation rates: Texas reports graduation and completion rates at the district and campus level (including four‑year, five‑year, and longitudinal measures) via TEA’s accountability reporting, available through the TEA accountability and performance reporting tools.

Adult education levels (countywide)

• Highest educational attainment (adults 25+): Countywide attainment is reported by the U.S. Census Bureau’s American Community Survey (ACS), including:
  • High school diploma or equivalent (or higher)
  • Bachelor’s degree or higher
• The most recent ACS 5‑year estimates are the standard county-level source and are available via U.S. Census Bureau ACS tables on data.census.gov. (County-level ACS is the most recent consistent series for education attainment.)

Notable programs (STEM, CTE, AP/dual credit)

• Career and Technical Education (CTE): Texas public districts typically operate TEA-recognized CTE pathways; district offerings (e.g., welding, health science, information technology, agriculture/mechanics, and similar vocational tracks common in West Texas) are documented in local course catalogs and TEA CTE reporting. The most reliable inventory is district-published materials on PBTISD.
• Advanced academics: High schools in Texas commonly offer Advanced Placement (AP) and/or dual credit (often in partnership with regional colleges). District-specific participation and performance indicators are reflected in TEA’s annual performance reporting for the district and high school campus via TEA.

School safety measures and counseling resources

• Safety and security: Texas districts implement required school safety planning (emergency operations plans, threat assessment protocols, and required drills). District safety policies and any campus security staffing arrangements are generally summarized in board policy and campus handbooks, posted through PBTISD.
• Counseling and student support: School counseling and mental-health support are typically delivered through campus counselors, special programs staff, and referrals to community providers. Staffing and program descriptions are generally documented in district counseling/service pages and campus handbooks (district-specific publications are the most direct source).

Employment and Economic Conditions

Unemployment rate (most recent)

• The official local unemployment rate is published by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS). The most recent annual and monthly series for Reeves County is available through the BLS LAUS program.
• Reeves County’s unemployment tends to track regional energy-cycle conditions; the BLS series is the authoritative source for the latest value.

Major industries and employment sectors

• Energy and extraction-linked activity: Reeves County is part of the Permian Basin region; employment and income are significantly influenced by oil and gas extraction, support activities, construction, transportation/warehousing, and related professional and business services.
• Local-serving sectors: government, education/health services, retail, and accommodation/food services provide a stable base tied to Pecos and county services.
• County industry composition and employment by sector are available from the Census Bureau’s ACS industry tables and from the BLS Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW) where disclosed.

Common occupations and workforce breakdown

• Occupational distribution for residents (not job location) is published through ACS occupation tables on data.census.gov. In Reeves County, the largest categories commonly align with:
  • Transportation and material moving
  • Construction and extraction
  • Production occupations
  • Office/administrative support, sales, and service occupations (local-serving employment)
• Detailed occupational percentages are best taken directly from the most recent ACS 5‑year county tables (the standard county proxy for occupation mix).

Commuting patterns and mean commute time

• Mean travel time to work and commuting modes (driving alone, carpooling, etc.) are reported by ACS on data.census.gov.
• Typical patterns in the county reflect:
  • High reliance on personal vehicles (regional norm in West Texas)
  • Commutes shaped by oilfield and industrial worksites distributed across the county and neighboring counties

Local employment versus out-of-county work

• Resident-work location flows (work in county vs. outside county) can be measured using Census commuting and LEHD-origin/destination datasets; a widely used public reference is the Census Bureau’s OnTheMap tool (LEHD).
• Reeves County commonly exhibits a mix of in-county employment (Pecos-based services and facilities) and out-of-county commuting tied to Permian Basin work locations; OnTheMap provides the most direct quantitative shares.

Housing and Real Estate

Homeownership rate and rental share

• Owner-occupied vs. renter-occupied share: The ACS provides county tenure rates (homeownership rate and renter share) through ACS housing tenure tables.
• Reeves County typically shows elevated rental demand during energy upswings due to transient workforce housing needs; the ACS is the standardized county benchmark for tenure.

Median property values and recent trends

• Median home value: The ACS reports median value of owner-occupied housing units for the county on data.census.gov.
• Recent trends: West Texas energy cycles often produce periods of rapid appreciation and volatility; the ACS 5‑year series is the most consistent county-level trend proxy (annual private indices often have thin coverage in small counties).

Typical rent prices

• Median gross rent: The ACS provides county median gross rent (rent plus basic utilities) via ACS rent tables.
• Rents in Pecos and nearby workforce corridors often move with energy activity; ACS remains the most reliable public county series.

Types of housing

• Dominant forms: The housing stock includes single-family detached homes (especially in and around Pecos), multifamily rentals (apartments and smaller complexes in town), and manufactured homes and rural properties outside incorporated areas.
• Workforce-oriented housing: Temporary and workforce accommodations may be present during high-activity periods; these are not always fully captured in standard household housing counts and can be underrepresented in survey-based measures.

Neighborhood characteristics (proximity to schools or amenities)

• Pecos-centered amenities: Most public services (schools, clinics, retail, and civic services) cluster in Pecos, making proximity to campuses and town services a common neighborhood differentiator.
• Rural areas: Outlying parts of the county are more dispersed, with longer travel distances to schools, groceries, and healthcare; this is reflected in rural West Texas development patterns rather than a single standardized county metric.

Property tax overview (average rate and typical homeowner cost)

• Taxing entities: Property taxes are levied by county government, school districts, and other local taxing units. Effective tax burden depends on appraised value and exemptions.
• Rate and bill benchmarks: County and school district tax rates and levies are published locally and compiled by the Texas Comptroller. Authoritative references include the Texas Comptroller property tax overview and local appraisal district materials (Reeves County Appraisal District is the standard local source for appraisal and exemption administration).
• Typical homeowner cost: A precise “typical” bill requires the current combined tax rate and median taxable value net of exemptions; ACS provides median owner-occupied value, while local taxing unit rates provide the millage equivalents. Countywide averages are often reported in appraisal/tax office summaries rather than ACS.

Data note (availability and proxies): For Reeves County, the most consistently comparable public sources are the ACS 5‑year estimates for education attainment, commuting, tenure, values, and rents; TEA for K‑12 staffing, programs, and graduation outcomes; and BLS LAUS/QCEW for unemployment and sector employment. Where a single countywide measure is not published (for example, a consolidated student–teacher ratio across all campuses), district/campus reporting is the standard proxy.