Oldham County is located in the Texas Panhandle, along the state’s western border, with New Mexico to the west. Positioned on the High Plains, it includes stretches of Interstate 40 and historic transportation corridors that shaped regional settlement and commerce. Organized in the late 19th century and named for Republic of Texas statesman Williamson Simpson Oldham, the county developed around ranching and rail-era town sites typical of the Panhandle.

Oldham County is sparsely populated and among the smaller counties in Texas by population. Its landscape is dominated by open prairie, rangeland, and broad, gently rolling terrain, with a semi-arid climate and wide skies characteristic of the High Plains. The local economy has traditionally centered on cattle ranching and other agricultural activity, with small-town civic life and a rural cultural identity tied to Panhandle history. The county seat is Vega.

Oldham County Local Demographic Profile

Oldham County is in the Texas Panhandle in the far northwestern part of the state, bordering New Mexico. The county seat is Vega, and county government information is maintained through the Oldham County official website.

Population Size

According to the U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts page for Oldham County, Texas, county-level population totals and related baseline demographics are reported by the Census Bureau for the most recent decennial census and annual estimates series.

Age & Gender

Age distribution and sex composition (male/female shares) are published by the U.S. Census Bureau for Oldham County and are accessible via the county’s QuickFacts profile, which compiles key indicators from the decennial census and the American Community Survey (ACS).

Racial & Ethnic Composition

Race and Hispanic/Latino origin statistics for Oldham County are published by the U.S. Census Bureau and presented in the county’s QuickFacts demographic tables (including standard categories such as White, Black or African American, American Indian and Alaska Native, Asian, and “Two or More Races,” plus Hispanic/Latino origin as an ethnicity reported separately from race).

Household and Housing Data

Household counts, average household size, housing-unit totals, occupancy/vacancy, and selected housing characteristics are reported by the U.S. Census Bureau for Oldham County and summarized on the Oldham County QuickFacts page.

Email Usage

Oldham County, Texas is a sparsely populated Panhandle county where long distances between households and limited last‑mile infrastructure can constrain always‑on internet access, affecting routine email use.

Direct county-level email-usage statistics are generally not published; email adoption is commonly proxied using household internet/broadband subscriptions and computer availability from the U.S. Census Bureau data portal (American Community Survey). These indicators reflect the share of residents with the access needed to use email at home, but they do not measure email accounts or frequency of use.

Age structure also influences email adoption: counties with relatively older populations tend to have lower overall uptake of some digital services and higher reliance on assisted access. Age and sex (gender) distributions for Oldham County are available via U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts (Oldham County); sex balance is typically less predictive of email use than age and connectivity.

Connectivity limitations are shaped by rural service economics and coverage gaps; broadband availability and provider coverage can be referenced through the FCC National Broadband Map, which documents location-level fixed and mobile broadband availability.

Mobile Phone Usage

Oldham County is in the Texas Panhandle along the New Mexico border, with the county seat in Vega and extensive unincorporated rural areas. The county has very low population density and long travel distances between settlements, and it is characterized by open plains and ranchland. These factors tend to increase the cost-per-user of cellular infrastructure and can produce coverage that is strong along highways and towns but less consistent in sparsely populated areas.

Data scope and limitations (Oldham County)

County-level statistics that directly measure “mobile phone adoption” (for example, the share of residents with a smartphone) are limited. Most public sources provide either:

  • Network availability/coverage (where service is marketed as available), or
  • Household adoption measures that combine technologies (for example, “broadband subscription” without isolating mobile).

For household-level adoption indicators, the most consistent public dataset is the U.S. Census Bureau’s American Community Survey (ACS), which measures “computer and internet use,” including cellular data plans, but users should rely on the ACS table outputs rather than anecdotal estimates. For network availability, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Broadband Data Collection (BDC) is the standard public reference, but it reflects reported service availability rather than confirmed household uptake.

County context affecting mobile connectivity (terrain, settlement pattern, transport corridors)

  • Rural settlement pattern and low density: Fewer towers can serve fewer people, raising deployment costs and making coverage more corridor-oriented (for example, along major highways).
  • Panhandle geography: Predominantly flat terrain often supports longer line-of-sight propagation than mountainous regions, but distance and tower spacing remain primary constraints.
  • Land use and rights-of-way: Large parcels and limited municipal infrastructure can slow small-cell densification, which is more associated with high-capacity 5G deployments.

Reference context sources include the county’s general profile and geography via the official Oldham County presence and state/local geographic references (for example, the county listing on Texas resources). For county basics and population/density, authoritative counts come from the U.S. Census Bureau’s geography and population products (see Census.gov).

Network availability (coverage) vs. household adoption (use): key distinction

  • Network availability: The extent to which carriers report that they offer LTE/5G and mobile broadband at specific locations. Availability does not mean residents subscribe, have compatible devices, or receive consistent performance indoors.
  • Household adoption: The extent to which households actually subscribe to internet service via a cellular data plan or other means, and whether residents own internet-capable devices. Adoption is influenced by income, age structure, pricing, and digital literacy, not only coverage.

Mobile penetration or access indicators (where available)

Household access/adoption indicators (Census/ACS)

The ACS includes measures of:

  • Households with an internet subscription
  • Households using an internet service via a cellular data plan
  • Device availability such as smartphones, computers, and other internet-capable devices (measured in the “computer and internet use” topic)

These indicators can be retrieved for Oldham County through the ACS tables and data profiles on data.census.gov (U.S. Census Bureau). The ACS is survey-based and can have large margins of error in small-population counties, so county estimates may be less precise than state or metro estimates.

Availability indicators (FCC Broadband Data Collection)

The FCC BDC provides location-based availability for broadband, including mobile broadband, and is the primary federal dataset for coverage reporting. FCC availability data is accessible via the FCC’s broadband mapping resources at the FCC National Broadband Map. This dataset supports viewing availability by technology and provider, and it distinguishes between fixed and mobile broadband reporting. It represents provider-reported service availability and does not directly measure adoption.

Mobile internet usage patterns (4G, 5G availability)

4G LTE availability (network)

Across rural Texas Panhandle counties, LTE is typically the baseline wide-area mobile technology reported by major carriers, with coverage often strongest near towns and along primary highways. County-specific LTE “availability” should be verified using provider layers and the FCC map for Oldham County at the FCC National Broadband Map.

5G availability (network)

5G availability in rural counties commonly appears in two forms:

  • Low-band 5G: Wider-area coverage with performance closer to LTE in many real-world conditions; more likely to be reported across rural footprints than high-capacity 5G.
  • Mid-band / high-capacity 5G: Often concentrated in larger population centers; in very low-density counties, it may be limited to small areas or travel corridors.

FCC BDC availability data can be used to identify where mobile 5G is reported as available, but it does not quantify typical speeds experienced by residents or indoor signal quality.

Actual usage patterns (adoption and reliance)

County-level public data generally does not report “4G vs 5G usage share” as an adoption statistic. The ACS can indicate whether households use cellular data plans for internet access, but it does not break usage down by radio technology generation (LTE vs 5G). As a result, technology-generation usage patterns in Oldham County are best described through availability data (FCC) plus device ownership and cellular-plan adoption (ACS), without inferring how much traffic occurs on 5G versus LTE.

Common device types (smartphones vs. other devices)

Device ownership measures (ACS)

The ACS “computer and internet use” tables include household device categories that typically cover:

  • Smartphones
  • Tablets and other portable wireless computers
  • Desktop/laptop computers
  • Other device types depending on ACS table structure and year

For Oldham County, the most defensible public approach is to use the ACS device-ownership estimates via data.census.gov rather than asserting a local smartphone share without a published county statistic. In rural counties, smartphones are commonly the most prevalent internet-capable device, but a county-specific statement requires ACS table confirmation due to potential local variation and small-sample uncertainty.

Demographic and geographic factors influencing mobile usage in Oldham County

Rurality and service economics

  • Low population density: Reduces the economic incentive for dense tower grids and small-cell deployments, which can limit capacity and indoor coverage outside towns.
  • Long distances and travel corridors: Mobile networks may be engineered to prioritize continuity along highways and population clusters.

Household characteristics captured in Census data

Relevant factors that correlate with mobile adoption and reliance include:

  • Income and poverty status
  • Age distribution
  • Household composition
  • Educational attainment
  • Work patterns and commuting

These are available through ACS profiles and tables via data.census.gov. The ACS provides a way to describe whether Oldham County households are more likely to rely on cellular data plans versus fixed subscriptions, but precision may be limited by sample size.

Fixed broadband availability interplay (substitution and “mobile-only” use)

In rural counties, limited fixed broadband options can increase reliance on mobile broadband for home internet. Publicly, the strongest way to document this dynamic is to compare:

  • Fixed broadband availability (FCC BDC fixed) and
  • Household cellular-plan internet subscription (ACS)

Both datasets are accessible from the FCC National Broadband Map (availability) and data.census.gov (adoption). This comparison clarifies that availability does not equal uptake, and that mobile can function as either a complement or a substitute for fixed service depending on local conditions.

State and regional reference sources relevant to Oldham County

  • Texas broadband planning and statewide context are typically documented through state broadband resources, including the Texas broadband office information published via statewide portals. A starting point for statewide telecommunications and broadband context is the State of Texas online presence at Texas.gov, alongside FCC coverage and Census adoption measures.
  • Federal standards for availability mapping and challenge processes are documented through the FCC’s broadband mapping program at the FCC National Broadband Map.

Summary: what can be stated definitively for Oldham County

  • Network availability (coverage): The authoritative public reference is the FCC BDC; it can show where LTE/5G mobile broadband is reported as available in Oldham County, but it does not measure subscriptions or experienced performance. Source: FCC National Broadband Map.
  • Household adoption (use): The authoritative public reference is the ACS “computer and internet use” tables, which can quantify households with cellular data plans for internet access and device categories such as smartphones, subject to larger uncertainty in small counties. Source: data.census.gov.
  • Local constraints: Oldham County’s low density and dispersed settlement pattern are structural factors that commonly shape rural mobile deployment, affecting consistency of service away from towns and major routes, independent of whether service is reported as available.

Social Media Trends

Oldham County is a sparsely populated county in the Texas Panhandle along the New Mexico border, with Vega as the county seat and much of the county oriented around I‑40 and large agricultural/ranching land use. Its small population, rural geography, and distance from major metros tend to align local social media use more closely with rural U.S./Texas-wide patterns than with large-city usage patterns, with connectivity and broadband availability playing an outsized role in how frequently residents use video and data-heavy platforms.

User statistics (penetration and activity)

  • Local (county-specific) social media penetration: No major public dataset regularly publishes platform-by-platform or “active user” penetration estimates at the county level for Oldham County.
  • Best available proxy (U.S. adult benchmarks):

Age group trends

National survey data consistently shows age as the strongest predictor of platform adoption and intensity of use:

  • Highest overall usage: Adults 18–29 have the highest adoption across most major platforms; 30–49 typically follow behind, then 50–64, then 65+ (platform-specific detail in Pew Research Center social media use).
  • Platform-by-age pattern (U.S. benchmarks):
    • Instagram, Snapchat, TikTok: strongest among younger adults.
    • Facebook: broader age spread and relatively higher representation among older cohorts compared with other platforms.
    • YouTube: high reach across age groups, including older adults.

Gender breakdown

County-level gender splits by platform are not published in standard public sources. Nationally, gender differences vary by platform rather than by overall social media use:

  • Women tend to report higher usage than men on some visually oriented or social networking platforms (commonly reported for Pinterest and often Instagram), while men are often more represented on platforms like Reddit; many platforms show relatively modest differences overall (reference: Pew Research Center social media fact sheet).

Most-used platforms (percentages where available)

Because county-specific platform shares are not available publicly, the most defensible percentages come from national survey benchmarks:

Behavioral trends (engagement patterns and preferences)

Patterns below reflect rural/small-population community dynamics and national behavioral findings, applied as the most evidence-based proxy where direct Oldham County measurements are unavailable:

  • Community and utility-driven use: In small counties, social media commonly functions as a community bulletin layer (local events, weather, road conditions along I‑40 corridors, school announcements, and commerce). This aligns with Facebook’s strengths in groups, local pages, and event sharing.
  • Video as a default format: YouTube’s high reach nationally supports strong local relevance for “how-to,” agriculture/ranching content, equipment maintenance, news clips, and entertainment (see YouTube reach in Pew platform estimates).
  • Messaging and sharing over public posting: Across the U.S., more sharing occurs through private or semi-private channels (direct messages, group chats, private groups) than through fully public posting; this tendency is often pronounced in small communities due to tighter social networks (contextualized in Pew’s social platform research summaries: Pew Research Center Internet & Technology).
  • Age-linked platform preference: Younger adults concentrate attention on short-form video and creator feeds (TikTok/Instagram/Snapchat), while older adults more often rely on Facebook for local updates and family connections, consistent with Pew’s age-by-platform distributions.
  • Connectivity-sensitive engagement: Data-heavy behaviors (HD streaming, frequent short-form video viewing) tend to increase with better broadband availability; rural broadband gaps are a known constraint in parts of the U.S. (structural reference: Pew broadband/internet fact sheet).

Family & Associates Records

Oldham County, Texas maintains family and associate-related public records primarily through the County Clerk and District Clerk. Vital events are recorded at the state level: birth and death records are registered with the Texas Department of State Health Services (DSHS) Vital Statistics, with certified copies issued through the state (Texas DSHS Vital Statistics). Oldham County offices may assist with local filing context but do not generally serve as the issuing authority for Texas birth and death certificates.

Marriage records (marriage licenses and returns) are typically filed and preserved by the county clerk; Oldham County contact and office information is provided on the county’s official site (Oldham County, Texas (official website)). Divorce and other family-related court cases are handled through district court records, commonly maintained by the district clerk (Oldham County offices directory).

Public online databases for Oldham County vary by office and system; Texas statewide resources may provide searchable indexes for certain records, while certified copies generally require a formal request through the responsible office. In-person access is typically available at the county courthouse during business hours, subject to office procedures.

Privacy restrictions apply to many family records. Texas vital records have statutory access limits for certified copies, and adoption and many juvenile records are generally sealed. Some court filings may be restricted or partially redacted under Texas law and court rules.

Marriage & Divorce Records

Types of records available

  • Marriage license and marriage record (certificate/return): Issued by the Oldham County Clerk. Texas marriage records typically consist of the license application, the issued license, and the officiant’s completed return (proof of ceremony) that is filed back with the clerk.
  • Divorce records (district court case file and decree): Divorces are adjudicated in the Oldham County District Court (and recorded/maintained as part of the court’s civil case files). The final divorce decree is part of the court file.
  • Annulments: Annulments are handled through the district court as a civil/family-law proceeding. The court file may include the petition, orders, and a final judgment/decree of annulment where granted.

Where records are filed and how they can be accessed

  • Marriage records (county level):
    • Filing office: Oldham County Clerk.
    • Access: Copies are generally obtained by requesting them from the County Clerk’s office. Many Texas counties also make index information available at the clerk’s office; online availability varies by county.
  • Divorce and annulment court records (court level):
    • Filing office: Oldham County District Clerk (custodian of district court records), with proceedings occurring in the district court serving Oldham County.
    • Access: Copies of the final decree/judgment and other nonsealed filings are generally obtained through the District Clerk. Older files may be archived per court records retention practices.
  • State-level divorce verification (not a decree):
    • Texas Department of State Health Services (DSHS), Vital Statistics maintains statewide divorce verification letters for divorces granted in Texas for certain years (a verification of occurrence, not a certified copy of the decree). See DSHS Vital Statistics divorce verification information: https://www.dshs.texas.gov/vital-statistics/divorce-verification.
  • State-level marriage index (not a substitute for the county record):

Typical information included in these records

  • Marriage license / marriage record:
    • Full names of both parties (including prior names in some cases)
    • Date the license was issued and the county of issuance (Oldham County)
    • Place of marriage and date of ceremony
    • Name/title of officiant and the officiant’s return (proof of marriage performed)
    • Ages or dates of birth may appear depending on the era and form used; additional application details (such as residence) may be present in the clerk’s file
  • Divorce decree (final judgment):
    • Caption and cause/case number; court and county
    • Names of the parties and date the divorce is granted
    • Findings and orders addressing property division
    • Orders regarding children (conservatorship/custody, possession/access/visitation, child support) when applicable
    • Orders regarding spousal maintenance when applicable
    • Name of the presiding judge and date signed
  • Annulment judgment/decree:
    • Caption and cause/case number; court and county
    • Names of the parties and date the annulment is granted or denied
    • Findings supporting annulment grounds and related orders (including property/children orders where applicable under Texas law)

Privacy or legal restrictions

  • Public access baseline: In Texas, marriage records maintained by county clerks and most civil court filings are generally treated as public records, subject to statutory exceptions and court orders.
  • Restricted/confidential content in court files: Family-law case files (divorce/annulment) can contain information that may be redacted or restricted under Texas law and court rules, including sensitive personal data and certain information involving minors. Courts may also seal specific documents or portions of a case file by order.
  • Identity and sensitive data protections: Texas court records commonly require protection of specific sensitive identifiers (for example, Social Security numbers and other protected personal information) through redaction or non-disclosure consistent with applicable rules and statutes.
  • State divorce verifications: DSHS divorce verification letters provide limited information confirming that a divorce occurred and are not a substitute for a certified decree from the district clerk.

Education, Employment and Housing

Oldham County is in the Texas Panhandle along the New Mexico border, west of Amarillo and anchored by the county seat of Vega and the community of Adrian. It is a sparsely populated, rural county with a small labor market, long travel distances for services, and a housing stock dominated by single-family homes and rural properties rather than dense subdivisions.

Education Indicators

  • Public schools (count and names)

    • Oldham County is primarily served by Vega Independent School District (Vega ISD). The district generally operates a consolidated campus structure typical of small Panhandle districts (elementary, junior high, and high school functions on one or closely co-located sites).
    • For official campus listings and current school names, the most direct reference is the Texas Education Agency district profile for Vega ISD via the Texas Academic Performance Reports (TAPR) (district/campus tab), and the district’s own directory on the Vega ISD website.
    • Countywide “number of public schools” is not consistently published as a single county statistic; the school count is most reliably tracked at the district/campus level in TEA reporting (proxy: Vega ISD campus list).

  • Student–teacher ratios and graduation rates

    • Graduation rates for Texas public high schools are tracked by TEA in TAPR and by cohort measures in the state accountability system; for Vega ISD, the most recent 4‑year graduation rate and related completion outcomes are reported in the district’s TAPR (proxy source: TEA TAPR district report for Vega ISD).
    • Student–teacher ratios are commonly reported in TAPR staffing sections (teacher FTE and enrollment) and in school profile products; small rural districts often show low absolute class sizes but can vary year to year because of enrollment changes.

  • Adult education levels (county residents)

    • The most recent standardized county estimates for adult educational attainment are provided by the U.S. Census Bureau’s American Community Survey (ACS) 5‑year tables for Oldham County (population 25+). Key indicators typically summarized include:
      • High school diploma or higher
      • Bachelor’s degree or higher
    • These figures are available through the Census Bureau’s county profile tools and ACS tables; a direct entry point is the U.S. Census Bureau data portal (data.census.gov) (search “Oldham County, Texas educational attainment”).

  • Notable programs (STEM, vocational, AP)

    • Career and Technical Education (CTE) and dual credit/college readiness offerings are common program categories in Texas districts and are reflected in TEA reporting and district course catalogs. For Vega ISD, program availability is most reliably verified via:
      • Vega ISD course/program information on the district website
      • TEA’s TAPR (college, career, and military readiness components) through TAPR
    • Advanced Placement (AP) participation in very small districts can be limited; dual credit and CTE certifications are frequently used as college/career readiness pathways in rural Panhandle settings (proxy: TAPR CCMR indicators for the district).

  • School safety measures and counseling resources

    • Texas districts generally publish required safety and mental health supports (e.g., emergency operations procedures summaries, visitor controls, threat reporting, and counseling contacts) through board policies and campus handbooks. Vega ISD’s most current safety/counseling information is typically maintained in:
    • Countywide quantification of counselor staffing is not consistently published as a standalone county metric; district staffing reports (TAPR) serve as the best proxy.

Employment and Economic Conditions

  • Unemployment rate (most recent year available)

    • The authoritative local measure is the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) series for Oldham County, TX (annual average and monthly rates). The most recent published annual average and current monthly estimates are accessible via the BLS LAUS program (county time series lookup).
    • In very small counties, unemployment rates can show higher month-to-month volatility due to small labor force counts; annual averages are typically more stable (proxy practice: cite annual average for the most recent completed calendar year from LAUS).

  • Major industries and employment sectors

    • Oldham County’s economy is characteristic of the Texas Panhandle, with employment tied to:
      • Agriculture and ranching (including support services)
      • Transportation and warehousing/trucking along Interstate corridors
      • Local government and public education
      • Retail and basic services serving local residents and travelers
      • In parts of the Panhandle region, energy-related activity can be present; the county-level footprint varies over time.
    • County-level industry distribution and payroll employment are most consistently available via the Census Bureau’s County Business Patterns (employer establishments by NAICS) and ACS commuting/industry tables at data.census.gov.

  • Common occupations and workforce breakdown

    • Occupation mix for residents (not just local jobs) is typically summarized in ACS tables, often showing rural patterns such as:
      • Management, business, and financial
      • Sales and office
      • Construction and extraction
      • Transportation and material moving
      • Education, healthcare support, and protective service (smaller shares than metro counties)
    • The most recent occupation shares for Oldham County residents are available through ACS occupation tables on data.census.gov.

  • Commuting patterns and mean commute times

    • Oldham County residents commonly travel for work to larger employment centers in the region (notably the Amarillo area), reflecting limited in-county job density.
    • Mean travel time to work and commute mode split (drive alone, carpool, etc.) are measured by ACS and available via data.census.gov. Rural Panhandle counties typically show a high drive-alone share and longer-than-metro commute distances, even where mean commute times can remain moderate due to highway travel.

  • Local employment versus out-of-county work

    • The most direct indicator is ACS “county-to-county commuting flows” and “place of work” tabulations, which can be accessed through Census commuting products and ACS-based flow datasets. A common pattern in very small counties is a net out-commute to nearby hubs for healthcare, retail management, logistics, and industrial jobs, while local employment is concentrated in schools, county government, agriculture, and small service firms (proxy: ACS commuting flow tables and County Business Patterns establishment counts).

Housing and Real Estate

  • Homeownership rate and rental share

    • Housing tenure (owner-occupied vs renter-occupied) is measured by ACS for Oldham County and available through data.census.gov. Rural Panhandle counties generally have high owner-occupancy and a small rental market relative to metropolitan counties (proxy statement aligned with rural structure; exact percentages should be taken from the most recent ACS 5‑year estimate).

  • Median property values and recent trends

    • Median value of owner-occupied housing units is reported by ACS (county level). For transaction-based pricing trends, county-level home sales data are often sparse due to low volume; ACS median value and Texas appraisal district data serve as more stable references.
    • Property tax appraisal values and taxable values are maintained by the local appraisal district (for Oldham County, appraisal records are typically accessed through the county appraisal district’s public search portal; availability and branding vary across Texas counties). The most consistent national reference point for median value remains ACS at data.census.gov.

  • Typical rent prices

    • Median gross rent is published by ACS for Oldham County (county level) and is the most standardized metric in small markets with few listings. Rural counties often show limited rental inventory, with rents driven by single-family rentals, small multifamily properties, or mobile homes rather than large apartment complexes (proxy: ACS median gross rent).

  • Types of housing

    • The county’s housing stock is predominantly:
      • Single-family detached homes in Vega and smaller communities
      • Rural homes on larger lots and agricultural properties outside town
      • A smaller share of manufactured housing/mobile homes
      • Limited multifamily/apartment inventory compared with urban counties
    • Housing unit type distributions are available in ACS “units in structure” tables at data.census.gov.

  • Neighborhood characteristics (proximity to schools or amenities)

    • In Vega, residential areas are typically close to the consolidated school campus and core civic amenities (county services, local retail). Outside incorporated areas, residences are more dispersed, with longer travel distances to schools, groceries, and medical services, and higher reliance on personal vehicles. This is a structural characteristic of low-density Panhandle counties rather than a distinct set of “neighborhoods” in the metropolitan sense (proxy: settlement pattern typical of rural counties).

  • Property tax overview (average rate and typical homeowner cost)

    • Texas property taxes are driven by overlapping local taxing units (county, school district, and any special districts). In rural Panhandle counties, the school district maintenance and operations (M&O) rate and interest and sinking (I&S) rate are typically the largest components of the total rate.
    • The most reliable sources for current rates are:
    • A standardized “average effective property tax rate” can be approximated using median tax paid and median home value from ACS, but in small counties this can be sensitive to sample size; county-specific totals are best confirmed through local taxing unit rate publications (proxy: ACS median selected monthly owner costs and taxes paid, plus published district/county tax rates).

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