King County

King County is a small, sparsely populated county in northwestern Texas, located on the South Plains along the state’s western interior, east of the Panhandle and southeast of Lubbock. The county lies within a predominantly rural region shaped by the broader ranching and agricultural history of West Texas, with development patterns reflecting low-density settlement and large landholdings. Its county seat is Guthrie, an unincorporated community that serves as the center of county government. King County is characterized by wide-open plains and rolling ranchland typical of the Llano Estacado and adjacent caprock country, with limited urban infrastructure and a landscape dominated by grasslands and rangeland. The local economy is largely tied to ranching and related land-based activities, and the county’s cultural identity aligns with the traditions of rural West Texas communities. Population scale is very small by Texas standards.

King County is a sparsely populated county in northwest Texas, located in the Rolling Plains region east of the Llano Estacado. It is one of Texas’s least-populous counties by resident population.

Population Size

According to the U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts (King County, Texas), King County had an estimated population of 272 (2023).

Age & Gender

County-level age distribution and sex (gender) breakdowns are published by the U.S. Census Bureau. The most direct official source for these measures is the county’s profile on data.census.gov (select King County, Texas and use tables such as ACS Demographic and Housing Estimates and Age and Sex tables).
Exact age-distribution percentages and the male/female ratio are not provided in this response because they must be pulled from specific Census tables for a defined year and program (e.g., ACS 5-year), and those table outputs are not included in the materials provided here.

Racial & Ethnic Composition

Race and Hispanic/Latino ethnicity for King County are reported by the U.S. Census Bureau and can be accessed via QuickFacts for King County and via detailed tables on data.census.gov.
Exact percentages by race and Hispanic/Latino origin are not reproduced here because they depend on the specific Census program and vintage (e.g., 2020 Decennial vs. ACS 5-year), and the corresponding table outputs are not included in the materials provided.

Household & Housing Data

Household counts, household size, housing-unit totals, occupancy (owner/renter), and related housing characteristics for King County are published by the U.S. Census Bureau and are accessible through QuickFacts (King County, Texas) and detailed tables on data.census.gov.
Exact household and housing figures are not listed in this response because they require selection of a specific official table and year (commonly ACS 5-year for small counties), and those table outputs are not included in the materials provided.

Local Government Reference

For local government contacts and county-level administrative information, visit the King County, Texas official website.

King County, Texas is a sparsely populated, rural county where long distances and limited last‑mile infrastructure constrain digital communication options and reduce household connectivity compared with urban areas.

Direct county-level email usage statistics are not typically published; email adoption is commonly inferred from proxy indicators such as home broadband subscription and computer availability reported by the American Community Survey via the U.S. Census Bureau’s data portal. County profiles and benchmarks can also be reviewed through QuickFacts for King County, Texas (tables vary by release).

Digital access indicators: broadband subscription and desktop/laptop access serve as practical prerequisites for regular email use; lower rates generally correlate with more reliance on mobile-only access and less frequent email use for accounts, work, and services.

Age distribution: rural counties in West Texas often skew older, which can dampen email adoption and increase dependence on assisted access (libraries, family members) due to lower device and broadband penetration among older households.

Gender distribution: sex composition is not a primary driver of email adoption relative to connectivity and age; it is mainly relevant when it reflects differing labor-force participation or household structure.

Connectivity limits: service gaps, speed constraints, and higher per‑household deployment costs (common in rural areas) limit consistent email access, especially for attachments and multi-factor authentication.

King County is a sparsely populated rural county in northwest Texas on the Rolling Plains, with Guthrie as the county seat. The county’s very low population density and large distances between settlements typically increase the cost of building dense cellular and fiber infrastructure and can lead to larger coverage gaps than in Texas metro areas. Connectivity outcomes in King County are therefore best described by separating (1) network availability (coverage) from (2) household adoption and device use, because availability does not directly imply subscription or regular use.

Data availability notes (county-level limitations)

Publicly available datasets frequently report coverage at fine geographic levels (census block/hex grids), while adoption (subscriptions, smartphone ownership, mobile-only households) is often published at state, metro, or survey-region levels rather than for very small counties. As a result, several adoption indicators for King County are not reliably published as single-county estimates with acceptable margins of error. Where county-specific figures are not available, this overview cites the most relevant authoritative sources and describes what they can and cannot provide.

Network availability (cellular voice/data and mobile broadband)

Primary sources for coverage in King County

• The Federal Communications Commission publishes provider-reported mobile broadband coverage through its Broadband Data Collection (BDC). Coverage can be reviewed by location for King County using the FCC’s mapping tools and BDC downloads (provider, technology, and reported speeds). See the FCC’s National Broadband Map and related documentation from the FCC Broadband Data Collection.
• The State of Texas broadband program also aggregates broadband information and planning materials; see the Texas Broadband Development Office (BDO) (Texas Comptroller).

4G LTE availability

• In rural West Texas counties, LTE is typically the baseline cellular technology, with coverage concentrated along highways, near the county seat, and around any populated clusters.
• County-specific LTE availability is best validated through the FCC BDC map layer for “Mobile Broadband” by provider and technology generation (LTE). The FCC map distinguishes coverage claims by provider rather than producing a single “county coverage rate” that reflects real-world signal quality.

5G availability

• 5G in rural counties is commonly deployed as:
  • Low-band 5G (broad geographic reach, more limited speed gains over LTE), and
  • Mid-band 5G (higher capacity, typically more localized to towns and corridors).
• For King County, the authoritative approach is to use the FCC’s National Broadband Map filters for 5G technologies and providers to see whether any 5G coverage is reported, and where it is reported within the county. The FCC map is the primary public source for county-area 5G availability at a granular geographic level. See FCC National Broadband Map.

Fixed wireless vs. mobile service

• Some areas classified as “served” for broadband may be served through fixed wireless rather than robust mobile coverage. The FCC map distinguishes mobile broadband from fixed broadband technologies; comparing both layers can help separate mobile phone connectivity from other wireless broadband offerings. See FCC National Broadband Map.

Important distinction: availability vs. service quality

• FCC coverage reflects provider-reported availability and does not guarantee indoor coverage, consistent performance, or usable speeds at all times. Terrain and sparse infrastructure can increase dead zones and variability.
• King County’s open terrain (Rolling Plains) generally offers fewer natural signal obstructions than mountainous regions, but long distances to towers and limited backhaul options can still constrain capacity and reliability in lightly populated areas.

Household adoption and mobile access (subscriptions and use)

What is reliably available

• The most consistent “adoption” measures at county scale relate to internet subscriptions at home (including cellular data plans used as the home connection) from the U.S. Census Bureau’s American Community Survey (ACS), but small-county estimates can be limited by sampling variability and data suppression for detailed breakouts.
• ACS tables can be accessed via data.census.gov (Census Bureau). Relevant ACS subject areas include:
  • “Internet subscriptions in household” (broadband types, including cellular data plans)
  • “Computer and internet use” (device categories, sometimes limited at small geographies)

Mobile penetration indicators (where available)

• Direct mobile-phone penetration (percentage of individuals with a mobile phone) is not commonly published as an official county-level statistic for very small counties.
• Proxy indicators that sometimes exist in ACS include:
  • Households with an internet subscription via cellular data plan (mobile hotspot or phone tethering as the household’s internet service)
  • Households without any internet subscription
• These are household adoption measures and should not be interpreted as network coverage measures.

Mobile-only or cellular-dependent connectivity

• Rural households sometimes rely on cellular data plans as their primary home internet connection where wired broadband options are limited. The ACS “cellular data plan” subscription category is the principal federal survey-based indicator of that pattern at local levels, subject to the limitations noted above. See data.census.gov.

Mobile internet usage patterns (usage vs. availability)

County-specific “usage patterns” such as average mobile data consumption, app usage, or time-on-network are generally not published in public datasets at the county level.

Publicly available, policy-relevant indicators typically include:

• Availability of LTE/5G by area (FCC coverage reporting) — a network-side measure.
• Household subscription types (ACS) — an adoption-side measure that can show the extent to which cellular data plans are used for home connectivity.
• Speed tiers in provider reports (FCC) — availability-side and provider-reported.

For King County, the most defensible description of mobile internet patterns uses:

• FCC-reported presence/absence and footprint of LTE and 5G (availability), plus
• ACS-reported household subscription categories that include cellular data plans (adoption).

Common device types (smartphones vs. other devices)

County-level statistics on smartphone ownership versus basic phones are generally not published as official estimates for very small counties.

The ACS more commonly reports:

• Household access to computing devices (desktop/laptop/tablet) and internet subscription types, rather than distinguishing smartphone vs. feature phone in a way that is consistently available at the county level. Device detail may be limited or unreliable for counties with very small populations.
• The most actionable county-level “device ecosystem” signals therefore come indirectly from subscription types and general computer/internet access measures on data.census.gov.

Demographic and geographic factors influencing mobile usage and connectivity

Geographic and infrastructure factors (affecting availability and performance)

• Low population density reduces the economic incentive for dense tower placement and backhaul upgrades, often leading to larger coverage gaps and fewer capacity upgrades than in urban counties.
• Distance to services and travel corridors tends to concentrate investments along highways and near towns, which can produce uneven coverage within the county.
• Backhaul constraints (availability of fiber or high-capacity microwave links to towers) can limit mobile data performance even where signal coverage exists.

Socioeconomic and household factors (affecting adoption)

• Income and affordability influence whether households subscribe to mobile data plans, maintain smartphone upgrades, or use mobile data as a primary internet connection.
• Age distribution can influence the prevalence of smartphone use and mobile internet use, but precise county-level smartphone adoption rates are not typically available for a county of this size from public sources. General demographic profiles can be retrieved via data.census.gov.

Practical separation of “availability” vs. “adoption” for King County

• Network availability (coverage): Use the FCC National Broadband Map to identify where LTE and 5G are reported in King County and which providers report service.
• Household adoption (subscriptions/devices): Use Census Bureau ACS tables to identify the share of households with any internet subscription and the share using cellular data plans as a subscription type, recognizing that small-county estimates may have wide margins of error.

Key limitations for King County-specific conclusions

• Public datasets provide strong tools for mapping reported LTE/5G availability, but provide limited, sometimes statistically unstable measures for smartphone ownership and mobile usage intensity at the single-county level in very small counties.
• Provider-reported coverage can differ from user-experienced service (indoor coverage, congestion, and local dead zones), and publicly available performance datasets are not consistently available as county-wide, representative measures for King County.

King County is a sparsely populated rural county in Northwest Texas, anchored by Guthrie (the county seat) and a ranching-driven economy. Its low population density and long travel distances typical of the Rolling Plains region tend to align local social media behavior more closely with statewide/national rural patterns than with large-metro Texas trends.

User statistics (penetration / activity)

• County-specific social media penetration is not published in major public datasets (most national surveys report by U.S. region, urbanicity, age, and gender rather than by county).
• The most defensible baseline for King County is to use rural U.S. adult social media use as a proxy: about 7 in 10 U.S. adults use social media (national estimate). Source: Pew Research Center social media fact sheet.
• Rural connectivity constraints can affect adoption and usage intensity. Federal broadband coverage and availability context is tracked via the FCC National Broadband Map (coverage varies by provider and location and is a key factor for rural counties).

Age group trends

Using U.S. adult patterns from Pew Research Center, the highest social media usage concentrates in younger age groups:

• 18–29: ~84% use social media
• 30–49: ~81%
• 50–64: ~73%
• 65+: ~45%
  Overall pattern: social media participation declines with age, while older adults skew toward fewer platforms and more passive consumption (reading/viewing vs. posting), consistent with broader U.S. findings.

Gender breakdown

Pew’s platform-by-platform estimates show gender differences are generally modest, with notable exceptions on certain platforms (for U.S. adults):

• Pinterest skews more female than male (large gap).
• YouTube and Facebook tend to be closer to parity.
• Instagram and TikTok show smaller-to-moderate differences depending on age cohort.
  Source: platform-level gender splits in the Pew Research Center social media fact sheet.

Most-used platforms (percent using, U.S. adults)

Approximate shares of U.S. adults who report using each platform (Pew):

• YouTube: ~83%
• Facebook: ~68%
• Instagram: ~47%
• Pinterest: ~35%
• TikTok: ~33%
• LinkedIn: ~30%
• X (formerly Twitter): ~22%
• Snapchat: ~27%
• WhatsApp: ~29%
  Source: Pew Research Center social media fact sheet.
  Rural counties such as King County often align with the national hierarchy where YouTube and Facebook dominate reach, while TikTok/Instagram/Snapchat skew younger.

Behavioral trends (engagement and preferences)

• Video-led consumption is central: YouTube’s high reach indicates broad preference for video across age groups; short-form video (TikTok/Instagram) is disproportionately concentrated among younger adults. Source: Pew Research Center.
• Facebook remains a primary “community utility”: In rural areas, Facebook is commonly used for local news sharing, community announcements, events, and marketplace activity, reflecting its cross-age reach and group features (consistent with national usage patterns).
• Platform stacking by younger residents: Adults under 50 are more likely to maintain multiple active accounts (e.g., Instagram + TikTok + Snapchat) while older adults more often concentrate activity on one or two platforms (commonly Facebook and YouTube). Source: Pew Research Center.
• Connectivity shapes intensity: In very low-density counties, variable mobile coverage and fixed broadband availability can shift behavior toward platforms that function well on mobile networks and allow asynchronous viewing (e.g., YouTube, Facebook feed). Reference for infrastructure context: FCC National Broadband Map.

King County, Texas maintains family-related public records primarily through the County Clerk and the District Clerk. The County Clerk commonly files marriage licenses, assumed name (DBA) records, and some probate records that can document family relationships. The District Clerk maintains many court case files (including family-law matters such as divorce) in the official records of the district court. Texas birth and death records (vital records) are administered at the state level by the Texas Department of State Health Services (DSHS), while counties may provide limited local issuance for eligible requestors depending on record type and date.

Online access in King County is limited; many records are accessed by contacting or visiting county offices. County contact and office information is available through the official county site: King County, Texas (official website). Texas vital records ordering and rules are published by DSHS: Texas DSHS Vital Statistics. Some statewide court and case information is also available via the Texas judiciary’s portal: Texas Judicial Branch – Case Search.

Privacy restrictions commonly apply to adoptions, certain family-court records involving minors, and restricted-access vital records under Texas law and agency policy. Identity verification and eligibility requirements are standard for certified vital records.

Types of records available

Marriage records

• Marriage license (application and license/return): A license is issued before a marriage and is typically returned to the issuing office after the ceremony for recording.
• Marriage certificate (informal usage): Often refers to the recorded marriage license/return maintained by the county clerk.

Divorce records

• Divorce decree / final judgment: The court’s final order dissolving the marriage and setting terms such as property division, custody, and support (as applicable).
• Divorce case file (civil docket and pleadings): May include the petition, citations/returns of service, agreements, orders, and the final decree, maintained as part of the court record.

Annulment records

• Annulment decree / order: A court order declaring a marriage void or voidable under Texas law.
• Annulment case file: The related court filings and orders forming the case record.

Where records are filed and how they can be accessed

Marriage: King County Clerk (county-level vital record)

• Filing/recording: Marriage licenses are issued and recorded by the King County Clerk (the county’s official recorder for marriage records).
• Access: Copies are typically obtained from the county clerk’s office. Many Texas counties also provide index searches or copy-order procedures by mail and, in some counties, online request portals; availability varies by county operations.

Divorce and annulment: District Court / District Clerk (court records)

• Filing: Divorce and annulment actions are filed in the district court with the District Clerk serving as the official custodian of the case file and judgment records.
• Access: Copies of decrees and case documents are typically obtained through the district clerk. Texas courts may also provide public case indexes through statewide or local electronic access systems, though record availability and document images vary by county and system configuration.

State-level resources (supplemental)

• Texas Department of State Health Services (DSHS) Vital Statistics maintains statewide vital-statistics functions and may issue certain verifications and certified copies within statutory limits. County-issued marriage records generally remain available through the county clerk where the license was issued; divorce information is commonly obtained from the court that granted the divorce.

Typical information included in these records

Marriage license/record

Commonly recorded fields include:

• Full names of both parties
• Date the license was issued and the county of issuance (King County)
• Ages or dates of birth (varies by form and time period)
• Residences or addresses at time of application (varies)
• Names of witnesses (as applicable)
• Officiant’s name/title and the date and place of ceremony
• Date the license/return was filed/recorded

Divorce decree (final judgment)

Commonly includes:

• Court and cause (case) number; names of parties
• Date of the decree and judge’s signature
• Findings/orders dissolving the marriage
• Orders concerning property division and debts
• Orders concerning children (as applicable), including conservatorship (custody), possession/access (visitation), child support, and medical support
• Name changes ordered by the court (as applicable)

Annulment decree/order

Commonly includes:

• Court and cause (case) number; names of parties
• Date and judge’s signature
• Determination that the marriage is void or voidable and the legal basis stated in the order
• Orders addressing property, children, support, or name changes where applicable

Privacy or legal restrictions

• Public record status: Texas marriage records recorded by the county clerk and court judgments (including divorce and annulment decrees) are generally public records, subject to restrictions.
• Protected personal data: Access may be limited or redacted for certain sensitive information, such as Social Security numbers, driver’s license numbers, and other personal identifiers, consistent with Texas confidentiality and redaction practices.
• Sealed or restricted court records: Portions of divorce or annulment case files may be sealed by court order, and some filings involving minors or sensitive matters may have restricted access under Texas law and court rules.
• Certified vs. informational copies: Government offices typically distinguish between plain (uncertified) copies and certified copies for legal use; certification is controlled by the record custodian and may require formal request procedures and identity verification depending on the record type and statutory requirements.

King County is a sparsely populated rural county in Northwest Texas on the Rolling Plains, bordering the South Plains region. The county seat is Guthrie, and much of the land area is devoted to ranching and agriculture, with a small local service base concentrated around the county seat and nearby trade centers outside the county.

Education Indicators

Public schools (count and names)

• Public school districts serving King County: Guthrie Common School District (CSD) is the primary district associated with the county seat.
• Schools (names): Public listings typically show a single consolidated campus serving multiple grade levels (commonly referred to as Guthrie School, sometimes shown as elementary and secondary programs within one campus). District and campus naming conventions vary across data systems; the most consistent reference point is the district itself via the Texas Education Agency (TEA) district profile: Texas Education Agency (TEA).

Student–teacher ratios and graduation rates

• Small-district reporting: For very small rural districts, student–teacher ratios and cohort graduation rates may be suppressed or fluctuate year to year because a small number of students can materially change the rate and because some public datasets mask small counts for privacy.
• Best available source: TEA accountability and district reports are the authoritative source for staffing (FTE counts), class sizes, and graduation outcomes where reportable: TEA Accountability Reports.
• Proxy note: Where graduation rates are not publicly reportable for a given year due to cohort size, TEA typically provides alternative performance indicators or multi-year measures at the district level.

Adult educational attainment

• County-level attainment: Adult educational attainment in King County is best captured through the U.S. Census Bureau’s American Community Survey (ACS) 5‑year estimates (most recent vintage). Key indicators are reported as shares of the adult population for:
  • High school graduate or higher
  • Bachelor’s degree or higher
• Primary source: data.census.gov (ACS educational attainment) (search “King County, Texas educational attainment”).

Notable academic and career programs

• Rural program structure: In small districts, Advanced Placement (AP) and specialized STEM course offerings are often limited compared with larger districts; students may access advanced coursework through a combination of dual credit, distance learning, or regional cooperative arrangements (where available).
• Career and technical education (CTE): Texas districts commonly offer CTE pathways aligned to state frameworks (e.g., agriculture, business, health science, skilled trades), though specific program lists vary by year and are best verified via district-level publications and TEA CTE reporting.
• State program context: Texas program standards for CTE and graduation plans are maintained by TEA: TEA Career and Technical Education.

School safety measures and counseling resources

• Statewide requirements: Texas public schools operate under state requirements for multi-hazard emergency operations plans, safety drills, visitor controls, threat assessment processes, and student support frameworks.
• Counseling and mental health supports: Campuses generally provide access to school counseling services, and Texas policy includes student mental health and safety planning expectations.
• Authoritative references: TEA School Safety and Texas School Safety Center summarize statewide standards; district-specific staffing levels and services are typically posted locally.

Employment and Economic Conditions

Unemployment rate (most recent year available)

• Primary measure: County unemployment is reported by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) program.
• Most recent year: Use the latest annual average available for King County, Texas from BLS/LAUS. The most direct public series access is via the BLS database and LAUS tools: BLS Local Area Unemployment Statistics.
• Small-area volatility: Annual unemployment rates in very small counties can be more volatile and are often best interpreted as multi-year patterns rather than single-year changes.

Major industries and employment sectors

• Economic base: King County’s economy is strongly associated with ranching and agriculture (including cattle operations) and related support services, with smaller shares in:
  • Local government and education
  • Retail and basic services
  • Construction and land-related services
• Source framework: Industry composition is commonly summarized through ACS industry-by-occupation tables and regional labor market profiles: ACS industry and occupation tables.

Common occupations and workforce breakdown

• Typical rural occupational mix: Employment tends to concentrate in:
  • Management, business, and financial (often small-business and land operations management)
  • Farming, fishing, and forestry
  • Construction and extraction
  • Installation, maintenance, and repair
  • Education, healthcare support, and public administration (small absolute counts)
• Best available county tables: ACS “Occupation by Industry” and “Class of Worker” provide the standard breakdowns: ACS occupation profiles.

Commuting patterns and mean commute time

• Commute structure: In very rural counties, commuting often includes:
  • Short local trips within the county for public services and local businesses
  • Longer trips to regional job centers in neighboring counties for healthcare, retail, construction, and oil-and-gas-adjacent services (where applicable regionally)
• Mean commute time: The ACS reports mean travel time to work for county residents (minutes): ACS commuting (travel time to work).
• Mode of travel: Rural areas typically show a high share of driving alone, with limited public transit availability.

Local employment versus out-of-county work

• General pattern: Small counties frequently have more residents commuting out of county than jobs located within the county due to limited employer base and specialized services being located in larger nearby towns.
• Best proxy datasets:
  • ACS place-of-work/commuting tables for resident work location.
  • OnTheMap (LEHD) for inflow/outflow commuting patterns (availability can vary for very small geographies): U.S. Census OnTheMap.

Housing and Real Estate

Homeownership rate and rental share

• Tenure profile: King County’s housing is predominantly owner-occupied, typical of rural ranching/agricultural counties with low-density settlement patterns.
• Most recent measure: Owner-occupied vs. renter-occupied shares are reported in the ACS 5‑year tenure tables: ACS housing tenure (own vs. rent).
• Data note: In very small counties, tenure estimates may carry wide margins of error.

Median property values and recent trends

• Median home value: The ACS reports median value of owner-occupied housing units; for rural counties, values are often influenced by:
  • Housing age and condition
  • Limited sales volume (which can make year-to-year changes appear large)
  • Presence of ranch properties and nontraditional housing stock
• Trend proxy: Where local sales data are thin, ACS 5‑year median value trends provide the most stable county-level proxy: ACS median home value.
• Local-market caveat: Median values in low-transaction markets can be less reflective of current listing prices than in metro areas.

Typical rent prices

• Median gross rent: The ACS reports median gross rent, including utilities in many cases depending on respondent reporting conventions: ACS median gross rent.
• Rural supply constraints: Rental inventory is often limited, with fewer apartment-style complexes and more single-family or small multi-unit rentals.

Types of housing

• Dominant housing forms:
  • Single-family detached homes in and near Guthrie
  • Rural homesteads and ranch-related housing on large lots outside town
  • Limited multi-family units (small duplexes or small complexes), reflecting low population density
• Housing stock characteristics: Rural counties commonly have an older housing stock and a larger share of manufactured housing than metro counties; the ACS “year structure built” and “units in structure” tables provide the county distribution.

Neighborhood characteristics (proximity to schools/amenities)

• Settlement pattern: Amenities and public services are concentrated near Guthrie (county offices, the school campus, and basic services). Outside the county seat, residents often travel to nearby regional towns for grocery, healthcare, and specialized retail.
• Proximity: Housing near the central town area typically offers the shortest access to the public school campus and county offices; rural properties trade proximity for land acreage and agricultural utility.

Property tax overview (rate and typical homeowner cost)

• Tax structure: Texas relies heavily on local property taxes (county, school district, and any special districts). The combined effective rate varies by location and exemptions.
• Best available public reference points:
  • Texas Comptroller property tax assistance and reporting (rates, levies, and exemption structure): Texas Comptroller — Property Tax
  • County appraisal district (local values, exemptions, and taxing units): King County is served by a local appraisal district; local appraisal district portals are commonly used to verify parcel-level tax rates and bills.
• Typical homeowner cost proxy: “Median real estate taxes paid” and “effective tax rate proxies” can be derived from ACS tables (taxes paid) paired with median home value, with the caution that small-sample variability can be substantial in very low-population counties: ACS property taxes paid.