Yuma County

Yuma County is a county in the northeastern corner of Colorado, part of the state’s High Plains region and bordering Nebraska and Kansas. Created in 1889 and named for the Yuma people, it developed around late 19th- and early 20th-century homesteading and railroad-era settlement patterns typical of eastern Colorado. The county is sparsely populated and small in overall scale, with a population of roughly 10,000 residents. Its landscape is predominantly flat to gently rolling prairie, with an agricultural economy centered on dryland and irrigated farming and related services. Communities are widely spaced, and land use is largely rural, with extensive cropland and rangeland. The county seat is Wray, which functions as the primary administrative and service center.

Yuma County is located in the High Plains region of northeastern Colorado along the Kansas and Nebraska borders. The county seat is Wray, and county government information is available via the Yuma County official website.

Population Size

According to the U.S. Census Bureau’s data.census.gov portal (Decennial Census), Yuma County’s population was 9,347 in 2020.

Age & Gender

According to the U.S. Census Bureau (ACS 5-year, “Age and Sex” tables on data.census.gov), county-level age distribution and the male/female split are published as percentages and counts for standard age brackets (including under 5, 5–9, …, 85+), and as totals by sex.
Exact values are available directly in the Census Bureau tables for Yuma County, Colorado via data.census.gov (select Yuma County, CO and open the “Age and Sex” tables).

Racial & Ethnic Composition

According to the U.S. Census Bureau’s data.census.gov portal (Decennial Census), Yuma County publishes county-level counts and shares for:

• Race (e.g., White, Black or African American, American Indian and Alaska Native, Asian, Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander, Some Other Race, and Two or More Races)
• Hispanic or Latino origin (reported separately from race)

Exact values are available in the Decennial Census race and Hispanic-origin tables for Yuma County, Colorado on data.census.gov.

Household & Housing Data

According to the U.S. Census Bureau (ACS 5-year, “Housing” and “Households” tables on data.census.gov), Yuma County has published county-level figures for:

• Number of households and average household size
• Household type (family vs. nonfamily; households with children; householders living alone)
• Housing units (total units; occupancy; owner-occupied vs. renter-occupied)
• Selected housing characteristics (year structure built, housing value, gross rent, and related measures, where available in ACS tables)

Exact values are available by opening the ACS 5-year household and housing tables for Yuma County, Colorado on data.census.gov (and filtering to the county geography).

Yuma County, Colorado is largely rural with low population density and long distances between communities, conditions that can raise the cost and complexity of broadband buildout and make digital communication more dependent on available fixed or mobile infrastructure. Direct county-level email usage statistics are not routinely published; email adoption is commonly proxied using household internet/broadband subscription and computer access.

Digital access indicators for Yuma County are available via the U.S. Census Bureau (data.census.gov) (American Community Survey), which reports local measures such as broadband subscription and presence of a computer in the household. Age structure relevant to email adoption (notably the share of older adults, who nationally have lower internet and email use than younger groups) is also available from the U.S. Census Bureau. Gender distribution is measured in the same source but is typically a weaker predictor of email adoption than age and connectivity.

Connectivity limitations are commonly associated with rural last-mile coverage gaps and fewer provider options; county context and services are documented by Yuma County government, while statewide broadband planning and infrastructure constraints are summarized by the Colorado Broadband Office.

Yuma County is in the far northeastern corner of Colorado, bordering Nebraska and Kansas. It is predominantly rural, characterized by flat to gently rolling High Plains terrain, extensive agricultural land use, and low population density. These factors tend to support wide-area macrocell coverage along highways and towns while making ubiquitous high-capacity mobile service across sparsely populated areas more challenging than in Colorado’s Front Range metropolitan corridor.

Data notes and scope (availability vs. adoption)

Network availability refers to where mobile service (4G LTE/5G) is marketed or modeled as available. Adoption refers to whether residents actually subscribe to mobile service and use mobile data as part of household connectivity. County-specific adoption metrics are not consistently published for “mobile-only” or smartphone ownership, so this overview uses the most defensible county-level sources where available and clearly labels state/national proxies.

County context relevant to mobile connectivity

• Settlement pattern: One larger town (Wray, the county seat) and smaller communities separated by long distances, which reduces the number of cell sites relative to urban counties.
• Terrain: Generally favorable for radio propagation (few major obstructions), but long distances between towers can still produce coverage gaps and lower signal levels indoors or at the edges of coverage footprints.
• Travel corridors: Connectivity tends to be strongest near towns and along major roads; rural road networks and farm areas often see more variability in signal strength and data performance.

For baseline county geography and population characteristics, reference county profiles on Census.gov (data.census.gov) and general county information via Yuma County’s official website.

Mobile penetration and access indicators (adoption)

County-level measures of “mobile penetration” (smartphone ownership, mobile subscription take-rate, or mobile-only households) are limited in publicly released datasets. The most consistently available county-level indicators relate to internet subscriptions and computer/device availability collected by the U.S. Census Bureau.

• Household internet subscription indicators (county-available): The American Community Survey (ACS) publishes county estimates for whether households have an internet subscription and the type of subscription categories (which may include cellular data plans in the ACS “cellular data plan” category, depending on the ACS table and year). These data are accessible through Census.gov by searching for Yuma County, CO under ACS “Computer and Internet Use” tables.
• Device availability indicators (county-available): ACS also provides county estimates for household computer ownership (desktop/laptop/tablet). Smartphone ownership is not as directly and consistently measured at county resolution in ACS releases, so smartphone vs. feature phone shares at the county level are generally not available from ACS.

Limitation: Publicly accessible county-level statistics that isolate (1) smartphone ownership, (2) mobile-only household reliance, and (3) carrier subscription penetration are not routinely published for Yuma County. State-level estimates from national surveys exist, but they are not definitive for this specific county and are not used here as substitutes for county adoption.

Mobile internet usage patterns and network availability (4G/5G)

Availability (where networks are reported as deployable)

The most authoritative public source for modeled broadband availability, including mobile broadband, is the FCC’s Broadband Data Collection (BDC).

• FCC availability data: The FCC publishes provider-reported coverage for mobile broadband (including 4G LTE and 5G) and allows filtering by geography and technology via the FCC National Broadband Map. This is the primary reference for distinguishing:
  • 4G LTE availability (widely deployed nationally and typically the baseline mobile broadband layer in rural areas)
  • 5G availability, which may include different 5G modes (e.g., low-band vs. higher-frequency deployments). The map reflects provider filings rather than measured performance at every point.
• Colorado broadband context: State broadband planning and mapping materials provide context on rural connectivity constraints and broadband program priorities. Reference the Colorado Broadband Office (Department of Local Affairs) for statewide mapping and program documentation relevant to rural counties.

Important distinction: FCC availability layers indicate where providers claim service availability at defined minimum speeds and confidence parameters. They do not, by themselves, indicate that households subscribe, that indoor coverage is strong, or that speeds are consistently achieved in practice.

Usage patterns (how residents connect)

Direct county-level measurement of “mobile internet usage patterns” (share of traffic on cellular vs. Wi‑Fi, typical data consumption, or percent using 4G vs. 5G handsets) is generally not published in a comprehensive official dataset for a single rural county.

What can be stated without speculation:

• In rural counties such as Yuma, 4G LTE typically remains the most geographically extensive layer of mobile broadband.
• 5G availability is best verified using the FCC National Broadband Map at the county and census-location level; the presence of 5G coverage on the map does not automatically imply consistent high throughput everywhere within the coverage polygon, particularly indoors or at cell-edge.

Limitation: There is no official, publicly released dataset that reports Yuma County residents’ actual share of mobile connections on 4G vs. 5G (adoption/usage) with high confidence. Provider marketing coverage maps and third-party testing exist, but they are not official adoption measures.

Common device types (smartphones vs. other devices)

• Smartphones are the dominant mobile device type nationally, but county-specific smartphone share for Yuma County is not reliably available in public official datasets.
• Household device indicators (ACS): The ACS provides county-level household counts for computers (desktop/laptop/tablet). These data indicate general device access but do not cleanly separate smartphones from other mobile devices. Access these through Census.gov under ACS “Computer and Internet Use” tables for Yuma County.

Practical interpretation supported by available data: County-level public data can support statements about whether households report internet subscriptions and whether they have computing devices, but it does not definitively quantify “smartphone vs. feature phone” penetration for Yuma County.

Demographic and geographic factors influencing mobile usage and connectivity

Geographic factors (coverage and performance)

• Low density and large service areas: Sparse population increases the square miles per tower, affecting signal strength and capacity distribution. Coverage may exist but with more variability in throughput and indoor reception than in dense urban grids.
• Agricultural land use and seasonal activity: Large working areas can increase the importance of coverage outside town centers and can contribute to localized demand during peak seasonal operations, though publicly available county-level mobile traffic statistics are not released.
• Distance to high-capacity backhaul: Rural cell sites often depend on fewer fiber routes and longer middle-mile links. This can influence performance, but site-specific backhaul data are not generally public.

Demographic and socioeconomic factors (adoption)

County-level adoption is most defensibly described using ACS indicators such as:

• Households with any internet subscription
• Households with a cellular data plan subscription category (where available in ACS tables)
• Households with computing devices

These estimates can be retrieved for Yuma County from Census.gov. They help distinguish:

• Adoption barriers commonly associated with rural areas (affordability constraints, fewer plan options, and reliance on mobile data where fixed broadband is limited), while avoiding claims about specific county behaviors that are not directly measured.

Summary: separating availability from adoption in Yuma County

• Network availability: Best verified using the FCC National Broadband Map for 4G LTE and 5G mobile broadband layers at Yuma County geographies.
• Household adoption: Best approximated with county-level ACS “Computer and Internet Use” tables on Census.gov, which describe internet subscription and device availability but do not provide a definitive county smartphone penetration rate.
• Primary drivers: Rural settlement patterns, long distances between towns, and low population density are the dominant structural factors shaping where mobile service is available and how consistently it performs across the county.

Yuma County is a rural county in northeastern Colorado on the High Plains, with the City of Yuma as the county seat and a local economy strongly tied to agriculture and related services. Its low population density, long travel distances, and reliance on regional hubs for services tend to align with rural connectivity patterns where mobile-first access and platform use can differ from large metropolitan areas.

User statistics (penetration and active use)

• No county-specific social media penetration estimate is published in major U.S. survey series (most public datasets report at the U.S. level, and sometimes state level, rather than by county).
• Nationally, about 7 in 10 U.S. adults use social media according to the Pew Research Center social media fact sheet. This provides the most-cited benchmark for interpreting social media participation in rural U.S. counties such as Yuma County.
• Colorado’s rural counties commonly face connectivity constraints that shape platform mix (greater reliance on mobile). For broadband availability context that influences social media access, see the FCC National Broadband Map.

Age group trends

Age is the strongest predictor of social platform use in U.S. survey data:

• 18–29: highest usage across most platforms; heavy use of video and messaging-centric platforms.
• 30–49: high use; typically broad multi-platform adoption.
• 50–64: moderate-to-high use; stronger tilt toward Facebook.
• 65+: lowest overall use; disproportionately concentrated on Facebook. These patterns are consistently documented in the Pew Research Center demographic breakdowns by platform.

Gender breakdown

• Across major platforms, U.S. gender differences tend to be platform-specific rather than uniform. For example, Pew reports women are more likely than men to use Pinterest, while gender differences on platforms such as YouTube are generally smaller. Platform-by-platform gender splits are summarized in the Pew Research Center social media demographics tables.
• County-level gender splits in social media use are not typically published in public datasets; national patterns are the most reliable reference baseline.

Most-used platforms (percentages where available)

Publicly reported U.S.-level usage shares (adults) from Pew provide the most reliable platform ranking for local interpretation:

• YouTube: ~83% of U.S. adults
• Facebook: ~68%
• Instagram: ~47%
• Pinterest: ~35%
• TikTok: ~33%
• LinkedIn: ~30%
• X (formerly Twitter): ~22%
• Snapchat: ~27%
  Source: Pew Research Center (Social Media Fact Sheet).
  These national rankings generally align with rural areas where Facebook and YouTube tend to be the most ubiquitous, and where platform choice often reflects local information needs (community updates, school/sports coverage, weather and road conditions, and agriculture-related content).

Behavioral trends (engagement patterns and preferences)

• Video-first consumption is dominant: YouTube’s reach and the growth of short-form video (TikTok, Instagram Reels, YouTube Shorts) reflect a broader national shift toward video as a primary engagement format, documented in Pew’s platform adoption reporting (Pew platform usage trends).
• Community and local-news substitution effects: In many rural contexts, Facebook Groups and local pages function as community bulletin boards (events, mutual aid, local business updates), aligning with research showing social media’s role in local information flows even as traditional local news capacity varies. Pew’s research on digital news and social platforms provides context on these behaviors (Pew Research Center: Social Media and News Fact Sheet).
• Messaging and share-based engagement: Rural users often rely on sharing posts and messaging (rather than producing original content) for coordination and local awareness; this is consistent with national patterns where many users engage by consuming, reacting, and sharing rather than posting frequently (see engagement context in Pew’s social media reporting: Pew social media fact sheet).
• Platform preference by life stage: Younger adults skew toward TikTok/Instagram/Snapchat for entertainment and peer networks, while older adults skew toward Facebook for family updates and community information; Pew’s age-by-platform tables show these differences clearly (Pew demographic tables).

Yuma County family-related public records are primarily maintained through Colorado’s statewide vital records system and local court and clerk offices. Birth and death records are vital records; certified copies are issued by the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment (CDPHE) and authorized local vital records offices. Adoption records are handled through the courts and are generally sealed, with limited access under state rules.

Publicly available associate-related records commonly include marriage dissolution (divorce) case registers, civil and criminal court case information, recorded documents affecting family relationships (such as name changes when ordered and recorded), and property/land records that can reflect family associations (deeds, liens). Many recorded-document indexes are accessible through the county clerk and recorder.

Online access is available for some court cases through the Colorado Judicial Branch docket search (13th Judicial District (includes Yuma County)) and the statewide portal (Colorado Courts Docket Search). Vital-record ordering and eligibility rules are published by CDPHE (Colorado Birth and Death Records). In-person access to recorded documents and county administrative contacts is available through the Yuma County, Colorado website.

Privacy restrictions commonly apply to birth and death certificates (identity/relationship requirements) and to adoption case files (sealed). Court records may be partially restricted by law, court order, or redaction rules.

Types of records available

Marriage records (licenses and certificates)

• Marriage licenses are issued by the Yuma County Clerk and Recorder. Colorado uses a license-based system; the county records the license and related paperwork after the marriage is solemnized or self-solemnized.
• Marriage certificates (often a certified copy of the recorded license/certificate) are available as certified or non-certified copies depending on the request and eligibility rules.

Divorce records (decrees and case files)

• Divorce decrees (final orders dissolving a marriage) are issued and maintained as part of the civil case record by the Yuma County District Court (Colorado’s trial court of general jurisdiction).
• Related divorce case documents can include petitions, separation agreements, parenting plans, support orders, and other filings; access may be limited by court rules and sealing orders.

Annulments (declarations of invalidity)

• Colorado treats annulment as a “declaration of invalidity of marriage.” These matters are handled as court cases and are maintained by the Yuma County District Court as part of the civil docket and case file, with a final order entered when granted.

Where records are filed and how they can be accessed

Marriage records (county level)

• Filed/recorded with: Yuma County Clerk and Recorder (recording and vital record functions at the county level for marriage licenses).
• Access methods:
  • Requests are generally made through the Clerk and Recorder’s office for copies (certified copies typically used for legal purposes).
  • Some counties provide mail, in-person, and online request options; availability depends on county procedures.

Divorce and annulment records (court level)

• Filed with: Yuma County District Court (part of the Colorado Judicial Branch).
• Access methods:
  • Case records are accessible through the court clerk’s records process.
  • Colorado provides statewide court record access tools for docket/case information, and courts provide copies of orders/decrees subject to access rules and any sealing restrictions.

State-level vital records context

• The Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment (CDPHE), Vital Records maintains statewide vital records, including marriage and divorce statistics/reporting functions, but divorce decrees and annulment orders are court records maintained by the judicial branch rather than CDPHE as “decrees.”
• Official sources:
  • Colorado Vital Records (CDPHE)
  • Colorado Judicial Branch

Typical information included in these records

Marriage license/certificate (recorded license)

Commonly includes:

• Full names of spouses (including prior/maiden names where applicable)
• Date and place of marriage
• Ages or dates of birth (format varies by form/version)
• Places of residence at time of application (often city/county/state)
• Marital status at time of application (e.g., single/divorced/widowed)
• Names may include parents’ names on some versions/forms
• Officiant information (or indication of self-solemnization) and date signed/returned
• Recording information (county, document number/book/page or reception number)

Divorce decree (final order)

Commonly includes:

• Case caption (court, county, parties’ names)
• Case number and division/courtroom identifiers
• Date of decree and judicial officer signature
• Orders on:
  • Dissolution of marriage
  • Allocation of parental responsibilities/parenting time (when applicable)
  • Child support and medical support (when applicable)
  • Spousal maintenance (alimony), if ordered
  • Division of marital property and debts
  • Restoration of former name (when requested and granted)

Annulment (declaration of invalidity) order

Commonly includes:

• Case caption and case number
• Date and judge/magistrate signature
• Findings and conclusion that the marriage is invalid under Colorado law
• Related orders addressing parenting/support/property issues when applicable

Privacy or legal restrictions

Marriage records

• Colorado marriage records are generally treated as public records, but access to certified copies is typically limited to eligible requestors under state and county rules (for identity verification and to prevent fraud).
• Some data elements (such as Social Security numbers) are not included in public copies and are protected from disclosure.

Divorce and annulment court records

• Court case records are generally public, but restricted access applies to:
  • Sealed cases or sealed documents by court order
  • Confidential information (e.g., Social Security numbers, financial account numbers) protected by court rules
  • Sensitive domestic relations information that may be restricted by statute, court rule, or specific judicial findings
• In domestic relations matters, courts commonly require redaction of protected identifiers in filings, and access to certain documents may be limited when they contain protected information or involve protected proceedings.

Governing framework (general)

• Access and copying are controlled by:
  • Colorado public records principles for county-recorded documents
  • Colorado Judicial Branch access policies/rules for court records (including redaction and sealing standards)
  • Vital records statutes and rules governing certified copy issuance and identity verification procedures

Yuma County is a sparsely populated High Plains county in northeast Colorado along the Nebraska and Kansas borders, with a largely rural community pattern centered on the City of Wray and small towns such as Yuma and Eckley. The county’s population is small (roughly 9,000–10,000 residents in recent Census-era estimates), with an economy tied to agriculture, local government/schools, health care, and small-business services typical of rural county seats.

Education Indicators

Public school systems and schools

• Yuma County is served primarily by three public school districts: Wray School District RD‑2, Yuma School District 1, and Idalia School District RJ‑3.
• Public school names are listed in district and state directories; a consolidated reference for district/school listings is available via the Colorado Department of Education (CDE) SchoolView directory (CDE SchoolView) and the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) district/school search (NCES School Search).
• A single definitive “number of public schools” varies by year due to school configurations (PK–12 buildings vs. separate elementary/middle/high schools). The most consistent county-level enumeration comes from NCES/CDE directory downloads rather than narrative summaries.

Student–teacher ratios and graduation

• Student–teacher ratios in rural Eastern Plains districts are typically low relative to urban Colorado due to smaller enrollments (often in the low-to-mid teens students per teacher, varying by district and school). The most recent school-level ratios are published in CDE’s SchoolView and in NCES school profiles.
• Graduation rates for each high school (Wray, Yuma, Idalia) are reported annually by CDE. Countywide graduation rates are not always published as a single figure; the standard proxy is the latest district/high-school graduation rate series from CDE’s accountability and graduation reporting (CDE Graduation & Dropout Rates).

Adult education levels

• The most recent comprehensive adult attainment measures are from the American Community Survey (ACS) 5‑year estimates for Yuma County. County profiles are accessible through U.S. Census Bureau data tools (data.census.gov).
• In rural Eastern Plains counties, the adult population commonly shows:
  • A large share with high school diploma or equivalent as the terminal credential.
  • A smaller share with bachelor’s degree or higher than the Colorado statewide average.
• The definitive county percentages (high school graduate or higher; bachelor’s degree or higher) should be taken from the latest ACS 5‑year table for Educational Attainment (commonly table series S1501) via data.census.gov.

Notable programs (STEM, vocational, AP)

• District program offerings in small rural districts commonly include:
  • Career and Technical Education (CTE) pathways (agriculture mechanics, business, skilled trades introductions, health sciences exposure), often supported by regional partnerships and state CTE frameworks.
  • Advanced Placement (AP) or concurrent enrollment offerings may be available but can be limited by staffing and class size; confirmations are best sourced from district course catalogs and CDE postsecondary/workforce readiness reporting.
• State-level descriptions of CTE frameworks and reporting are maintained by CDE (Colorado CTE).

School safety measures and counseling

• Colorado public schools are subject to state requirements and guidance around school safety planning, threat assessment practices, and emergency operations planning; CDE maintains an overview and resources (CDE Safe Schools).
• Counseling resources in small districts typically include school counselors (often shared across grades/buildings) and may include partnerships with community mental health providers; staffing levels and specific services are documented in district staffing profiles and school handbooks. Formal safety/counseling program details are most reliably found in district board policies and published student/parent handbooks.

Employment and Economic Conditions

Unemployment (most recent)

• The most current county unemployment rates are produced monthly/annually by the Colorado Department of Labor and Employment (CDLE) and the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (LAUS) program. County series for Yuma County are available through CDLE labor market information (CDLE Labor Market Information) and BLS LAUS (BLS LAUS).
• A single “most recent year” value depends on the latest finalized annual average; CDLE’s annual averages are the standard reference for year-to-year comparisons.

Major industries and sectors

• Yuma County’s employment base is characteristically concentrated in:
  • Agriculture (crop and livestock production; related support activities).
  • Government and education (schools, county/municipal services).
  • Health care and social assistance (critical access/rural health services, long-term care).
  • Retail trade and local services, plus transportation/warehousing tied to agricultural supply chains.
• Industry composition and employment counts are documented through BLS Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW) and CDLE county industry tables (BLS QCEW).

Common occupations and workforce breakdown

• The occupational structure typically aligns with rural county patterns:
  • Farm, ranch, and agricultural equipment operations
  • Education (teachers, aides)
  • Health care support and practitioners
  • Office/administrative support
  • Transportation (truck drivers)
  • Construction and maintenance
• Occupational estimates for nonmetropolitan areas and counties are available through BLS occupational employment programs and state LMI products; county-specific occupational detail can be limited compared with metro areas.

Commuting patterns and mean commute time

• Commuting and work-location patterns are best measured through ACS “Journey to Work” tables (means of transportation, commute time, place of work) at data.census.gov.
• Rural counties typically show:
  • High rates of driving alone to work.
  • Short-to-moderate mean commute times compared with large metro areas, with some longer-distance commutes to regional hubs for specialized jobs.
• The definitive mean travel time to work for Yuma County is reported in ACS and is accessible via data.census.gov.

Local employment vs. out-of-county work

• Place-of-work flows (working in county of residence vs. outside) are available via ACS and the Census LEHD/OnTheMap commuting data tools (Census OnTheMap).
• Rural counties commonly have a notable share of residents working within the county (schools, county services, local health care, agriculture) alongside an out-commuting segment to nearby counties/states for specialized industry roles, energy/ag services, or regional medical/education centers.

Housing and Real Estate

Homeownership vs. renting

• Rural Colorado counties generally have higher homeownership rates than urban counties and a smaller but important rental market (apartments and single-family rentals in Wray/Yuma).
• The definitive homeownership rate and rental share for Yuma County are published in ACS housing tenure tables at data.census.gov (U.S. Census housing tenure tables).

Median property values and recent trends

• Median owner-occupied home value is available from ACS, and trend context can be supplemented with state/county assessor summaries.
• Rural market trends typically show:
  • Lower median values than Colorado’s Front Range.
  • Price movement influenced by interest rates, limited inventory, and local employment stability rather than rapid in-migration.
• For assessed value and property tax base context, county assessor materials provide the most locally current figures (Yuma County government site) (navigate to Assessor/Treasurer resources).

Typical rent prices

• Median gross rent is reported in ACS; rural county rents are usually well below Colorado metro medians, with limited multifamily stock constraining vacancy in town centers.
• The most recent median gross rent for Yuma County is available via data.census.gov (ACS “Gross Rent” and “Selected Housing Characteristics” tables).

Housing types

• The housing stock is predominantly:
  • Single-family detached homes in Wray, Yuma, and smaller communities.
  • A limited number of small apartment properties and duplexes in town.
  • Farmsteads and rural lots/acreages outside municipal areas, often tied to agricultural operations.
• Mobile/manufactured homes can be a meaningful share in rural counties; ACS provides structure-type distributions.

Neighborhood characteristics (schools/amenities proximity)

• In Wray and Yuma, neighborhoods are typically organized around:
  • Compact town grids with short driving distances to schools, the county courthouse/administration, clinics, and local retail.
  • Rural residences with longer travel distances for schooling and daily services, often relying on school bus routes and highway access.
• Quantified proximity metrics are not usually published as countywide indicators; a standard proxy is municipal land-use patterns and school campus locations shown in district maps and local GIS.

Property tax overview

• Colorado property taxes are levied by local taxing authorities (county, municipalities, school districts, special districts) using assessed value and mill levies. County treasurers provide the operational overview and payment details (Colorado property tax overview).
• A single “average rate” varies by location and overlapping districts. The most defensible county-level proxy is:
  • Effective property tax rate estimates published in aggregated datasets (often derived from ACS or state/local finance data), and
  • Typical tax bills shown in county treasurer records for representative properties (property-specific, not a countywide median).
• The most authoritative local source for typical homeowner costs in Yuma County is the Yuma County Treasurer tax information (via the county government site) alongside the county assessor’s valuation notices.