Routt County is located in northwestern Colorado, along the Wyoming border, and forms part of the Yampa Valley and the Elkhead Mountains region. Established in 1877 and named for Civil War veteran Edward H. Routt, it developed around ranching, coal mining, and railroad-era settlement patterns that shaped much of the Upper Yampa River basin. The county is mid-sized by Colorado standards, with a population of roughly 25,000–27,000 residents, and it remains predominantly rural outside its main towns. Its landscape includes broad river valleys, sagebrush steppe, and forested mountain terrain, supporting agriculture, recreation, and resource-based land uses. The local economy combines ranching and agriculture, tourism tied to mountain sports and outdoor recreation, and government and service-sector employment. Steamboat Springs serves as the county seat and is the largest community in the county.

Routt County Local Demographic Profile

Routt County is in northwestern Colorado, anchored by Steamboat Springs and the Yampa Valley, and it forms part of the state’s rural mountain-and-ranch region. It borders Wyoming to the north and includes a mix of resort, agricultural, and public-land communities.

Population Size

Age & Gender

Age distribution (percent of total population, 2023) (Census QuickFacts):

  • Under 5 years: 4.2%
  • Under 18 years: 14.3%
  • 65 years and over: 13.2%

Gender ratio (2023) (Census QuickFacts):

  • Female persons: 45.0%
  • Male persons: 55.0%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts (Routt County, Colorado).

Racial & Ethnic Composition

Race (percent, 2023) (Census QuickFacts):

  • White alone: 94.0%
  • Black or African American alone: 0.8%
  • American Indian and Alaska Native alone: 0.6%
  • Asian alone: 0.8%
  • Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone: 0.1%
  • Two or more races: 3.3%

Ethnicity (percent, 2023) (Census QuickFacts):

  • Hispanic or Latino (of any race): 9.9%
  • White alone, not Hispanic or Latino: 87.2%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts (Routt County, Colorado).

Household & Housing Data

Households (2019–2023) (Census QuickFacts):

  • Households: 11,106
  • Persons per household: 2.14
  • Owner-occupied housing unit rate: 56.0%

Housing stock and occupancy (2019–2023) (Census QuickFacts):

  • Housing units: 18,251

Source: U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts (Routt County, Colorado).

Local Government Reference

For county government, services, and planning resources, visit the Routt County official website.

Email Usage

Routt County’s mountainous terrain, dispersed settlements outside Steamboat Springs, and winter weather increase reliance on fixed broadband and robust backhaul for digital communication, while also complicating last‑mile infrastructure buildout. Direct county-level email usage statistics are not generally published; email access trends are inferred from proxy indicators such as household broadband and computer availability and age structure.

Digital access indicators (from the U.S. Census Bureau (data.census.gov) American Community Survey tables) include household broadband internet subscriptions and desktop/laptop ownership, which track the practical ability to use webmail and email apps. County demographic context from QuickFacts for Routt County summarizes population size and age distribution; Routt’s working-age and retirement-age shares are relevant because older cohorts typically show lower adoption of digital services than prime working-age adults, influencing overall email use patterns.

Gender distribution is available via QuickFacts, but it is not a primary driver of email adoption compared with age and connectivity.

Connectivity limitations are documented through state and federal broadband mapping and programs, including the Colorado Broadband Office and the FCC National Broadband Map, which reflect gaps in high-speed coverage in rural and mountainous areas.

Mobile Phone Usage

Routt County is a mountainous county in northwest Colorado anchored by Steamboat Springs and surrounded by extensive national forest and high-elevation terrain. Settlement is concentrated in a few valleys and towns, while large areas are sparsely populated. These physical and demographic characteristics (rugged topography, long travel corridors, and low population density outside town centers) influence mobile coverage quality, backhaul availability, and the economics of network buildout.

Key distinctions: network availability vs. adoption

Network availability describes where mobile networks (4G LTE, 5G) provide signal and service. Availability varies by carrier, spectrum band, terrain, and tower siting.

Adoption (household/device use) describes whether residents actually subscribe to mobile service, rely on mobile for internet access, and what devices they use. Adoption depends on income, housing type (seasonal vs. year-round), age, and the availability/price of fixed broadband alternatives.

County-specific adoption statistics for “mobile phone ownership” are not consistently published at Routt County resolution. The most common county-available indicators relate to household internet subscriptions (including cellular data plans) and broadband availability mappings rather than direct smartphone ownership.

Mobile penetration or access indicators (county-available measures)

The most consistently available local indicators come from U.S. Census Bureau tables that measure internet subscription types at the household level, including cellular data plans.

  • Household cellular data plan subscription (adoption indicator): The American Community Survey (ACS) reports the share of households with an internet subscription that can include a cellular data plan (with or without other subscription types). This is an adoption proxy for mobile internet access, not coverage. Routt County figures can be retrieved via the Census Bureau’s ACS data tools and tables (for example, detailed tables on types of internet subscription). Source access: Census.gov data portal.
  • Mobile-only reliance (adoption/usage indicator, limited at county granularity): ACS also supports analysis of households that lack fixed broadband but have a cellular data plan, depending on table selection and margin-of-error constraints. In smaller geographies, estimates may have large margins of error, limiting precision at the county level. Source access: American Community Survey (ACS).

Limitations:

  • ACS measures household subscriptions, not individual device ownership or signal quality.
  • County estimates can be statistically noisy in mountain/rural counties due to smaller sample sizes.

Mobile internet usage patterns and network availability (4G/5G)

4G LTE availability (network availability)

4G LTE is generally the baseline technology for wide-area mobile coverage in the United States, including rural western counties. County-level coverage patterns are best represented using federal availability datasets:

  • The FCC’s Broadband Data Collection provides location-based availability information and map visualizations for mobile broadband. This is the primary source for distinguishing where mobile broadband is reported as available. Reference: FCC National Broadband Map.
  • The FCC’s mobile availability is based on provider filings and challenge processes; reported availability may differ from on-the-ground performance in complex terrain. Reference documentation: FCC Broadband Data Collection.

In Routt County, terrain-driven shadowing (mountain ridgelines, canyons) commonly creates coverage discontinuities outside town centers and along less-served corridors, even when broad-area coverage is reported.

5G availability (network availability)

5G deployment in rural and mountainous areas often concentrates in population centers and along higher-traffic routes, with coverage varying by:

  • Low-band 5G: larger coverage footprints, closer to LTE-like propagation.
  • Mid-band/high-band: higher capacity but reduced range and greater terrain/vegetation sensitivity.

County-level 5G availability is best checked through the FCC’s map layers and provider coverage submissions rather than generalized statewide statements. Reference: FCC National Broadband Map (mobile layers).

Limitations:

  • The FCC map indicates reported availability; it does not directly represent experienced speeds at specific times/locations.
  • Routt County-specific, independently verified (drive-test) 4G/5G performance datasets are not routinely published as official public statistics.

Common device types (smartphones vs. other devices)

Direct, Routt County–specific breakdowns of smartphone vs. feature phone vs. hotspot-only devices are not typically published in official county statistical products.

County-relevant proxies and constraints:

  • ACS household internet subscription categories can indicate the presence of cellular data plans but do not identify device form factors (smartphone vs. tablet vs. dedicated hotspot). Source: Census.gov.
  • State and federal broadband reporting generally focuses on service availability and subscription types, not device inventories. Reference: Colorado Broadband Office and FCC Broadband Data Collection.

Given typical U.S. usage patterns, smartphones are the dominant endpoint for mobile internet access nationally, but an official Routt County device-type share is not available from standard county statistical releases.

Demographic and geographic factors influencing mobile usage in Routt County

Terrain and land use (connectivity constraints and usage impacts)

  • Mountain topography and forest cover affect radio propagation, increasing the likelihood of dead zones and variable indoor coverage outside dense areas.
  • Sparse settlement patterns reduce the economic density that supports extensive tower networks and fiber backhaul, influencing availability and capacity.
  • Transportation corridors and resort-oriented nodes tend to concentrate coverage investment relative to remote areas.

Authoritative geographic context can be drawn from county and federal sources:

Population distribution and housing seasonality (adoption and demand)

  • Steamboat Springs and nearby population centers concentrate year-round residents and visitors, shaping peak-demand periods and increasing the importance of reliable mobile data service.
  • Seasonal occupancy can affect measured household adoption rates (ACS counts households/residents) and can raise localized network load during high-tourism periods without changing “adoption” statistics proportionally.

Population and housing baseline statistics are available from:

Income, age, and affordability (adoption patterns)

  • Household income and age structure influence whether residents maintain multiple connections (fixed broadband plus mobile) or rely on mobile-only service.
  • ACS supports county-level estimates for income, age, and selected technology access indicators, enabling correlation-style analysis, but it does not establish causation. Source: ACS program page and Census.gov.

Practical reading of county-level metrics (what the public datasets can and cannot show)

  • Availability datasets (FCC map) answer: where providers report 4G LTE/5G mobile broadband availability at mapped locations.
  • Adoption datasets (ACS/Census) answer: the share of households reporting cellular data plans and other subscription types, along with demographic context.
  • Not reliably available at county level: official Routt County smartphone ownership share, device-type splits, or validated on-the-ground performance statistics across the full county.

For Routt County–specific figures, the most defensible approach uses ACS tables for household subscription types (adoption) and the FCC National Broadband Map for mobile coverage layers (availability), cited above.

Social Media Trends

Routt County is a northwestern Colorado county anchored by Steamboat Springs and a recreation- and tourism-oriented economy tied to skiing, outdoor amenities, and seasonal visitation. Its mix of year-round residents, second-home owners, and visitors tends to support strong mobile use, high photo/video sharing, and higher reliance on social platforms for local events, trail/snow conditions, and service discovery.

User statistics (penetration / active use)

  • County-specific social media penetration and “active user” counts are not published as an official Routt County statistic in widely cited public datasets. Most credible estimates for counties are derived from modeled advertising-audience tools or proprietary panels rather than directly measured local surveys.
  • State-level connectivity context (proxy for potential reach): Colorado has high broadband adoption and connectivity compared with many states, supporting widespread social platform access (see the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) for internet/broadband measures).
  • National benchmarks commonly used to contextualize local markets:

Age group trends (who uses social media most)

Using national age patterns (commonly applied as directional guidance for local counties):

  • 18–29: highest usage and the heaviest multi-platform use.
  • 30–49: very high usage; often strong on Facebook, Instagram, and YouTube.
  • 50–64: majority use; typically Facebook and YouTube are most common.
  • 65+: lowest usage but substantial; Facebook and YouTube tend to lead.

These age gradients are consistently documented in the Pew Research Center social media fact sheet.

Gender breakdown

County-level gender splits by platform are generally not available in public statistical releases; national patterns provide the most reliable reference:

  • Women tend to report higher usage than men on several social platforms, particularly on visually oriented and community-oriented networks (e.g., Instagram and Pinterest), while differences are smaller on platforms like YouTube.
  • Men tend to be more represented on some discussion- and news-adjacent platforms.

These patterns are summarized in the Pew Research Center social media fact sheet and related Pew reporting.

Most-used platforms (with percentages where possible)

Public, reputable platform percentages are typically reported at the U.S. adult level rather than the county level. National platform reach (as a benchmark) is tracked by Pew:

  • The most widely used platforms among U.S. adults typically include YouTube and Facebook, followed by Instagram, with Pinterest, TikTok, LinkedIn, X (Twitter), Snapchat, and WhatsApp varying by age and demographic profile. Source: Pew Research Center: Social Media Use.

For Routt County specifically, local usage commonly aligns with similar rural-resort communities:

  • Facebook: broad reach across age groups; high utility for local groups, events, marketplace activity, and community updates.
  • Instagram: strong role for outdoor imagery, local businesses, and visitor-facing discovery.
  • YouTube: widely used for how-to content, local-area research, and entertainment across ages.
  • TikTok: concentrated among younger adults; prominent for short-form outdoor, travel, and lifestyle video.
  • LinkedIn: more concentrated among working professionals, remote workers, and business services.

Behavioral trends (engagement patterns / platform preferences)

  • Visual-first content performs strongly in outdoor destination areas: short videos, scenic photography, and creator-style posts are common on Instagram and TikTok, with YouTube supporting longer-form guides and reviews.
  • Event- and seasonality-driven engagement: peaks commonly align with ski season, holiday travel, summer recreation, and local festivals; community groups and event listings on Facebook often become more active during these periods.
  • Local information utility: residents and visitors use social platforms for near-real-time updates (road/weather/trail conditions, closures, local recommendations), which tends to increase sharing and commenting in community groups.
  • Mobile-centric consumption: tourism and outdoor recreation contexts skew usage toward mobile capture and consumption, supporting stories/reels/shorts formats.
  • Discovery and referrals: businesses in dining, lodging, recreation, and services often benefit from social search behaviors (hashtags, location tags, creator recommendations), with Instagram and TikTok playing a larger role for younger cohorts and Facebook remaining important for broad local reach.

Source note: The most defensible percentages available publicly for platform usage are national survey estimates, especially from Pew Research Center. County-level “active user” counts are typically proprietary and not released as official Routt County statistics in a way that supports a precise, citable penetration figure.

Family & Associates Records

Routt County family and associate-related public records include vital records, court records, and property records. Birth and death certificates are Colorado vital records; Routt County provides access primarily through the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment (CDPHE) Vital Records office (CDPHE Vital Records). Certified birth and death records are generally restricted to eligible applicants under state law and are not posted as open public databases. Adoption records are handled through the courts and state systems; adoption files are commonly sealed, with access limited by statute and court order.

Court records that may document family relationships (marriage dissolution, name changes, probate/guardianship) are maintained by the Routt County Combined Court and are searchable online through the Colorado Judicial Branch docket system (Routt County Dockets) and accessible in person at the courthouse (Routt County Combined Court). Recorded documents that can reflect family or associate ties (deeds, liens, some affidavits) are maintained by the Routt County Clerk and Recorder (Clerk and Recorder), with recording/search services provided through the county.

Privacy restrictions commonly apply to certified vital records, sealed adoption matters, and certain case types (notably involving juveniles), even when docket information exists.

Marriage & Divorce Records

Types of records available

  • Marriage licenses and certificates (Routt County)
    • Routt County issues marriage licenses through the Routt County Clerk and Recorder. After the ceremony, the officiant returns the completed license for recording, creating the county’s recorded marriage record.
  • Divorce and legal separation records
    • Divorce decrees, legal separation decrees, related orders, and case files are maintained by the Routt County District Court (Colorado Judicial Branch).
  • Annulments (declaration of invalidity of marriage)
    • In Colorado, an annulment is handled as a court action for a declaration of invalidity of marriage. Resulting orders and case records are maintained by the Routt County District Court.

Where records are filed and how they can be accessed

  • Marriage records (county recording)
    • Filed/recorded with: Routt County Clerk and Recorder (Recording Office).
    • Access: Copies are generally obtained through the Clerk and Recorder’s recording/copy request processes. Colorado also maintains statewide vital records through the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment (CDPHE), Vital Records, which can issue certified copies for eligible requests.
    • References:
  • Divorce, legal separation, and annulment (court records)
    • Filed with: Routt County District Court (part of Colorado’s judicial district system).
    • Access: Public docket-level information and some filings may be available through the Colorado Judicial Branch’s systems, while complete case files and certified copies are obtained from the court clerk, subject to Colorado court record access rules and any sealing orders.
    • References:

Typical information included in these records

  • Marriage license / recorded marriage record
    • Full legal names of the parties
    • Date and place of marriage (ceremony location)
    • Date of license issuance and license number (or recording identifiers)
    • Officiant name/title and signature; witness information may appear depending on the form used
    • Ages/birthdates and addresses may appear on applications and recorded documents depending on the version and retention practices
  • Divorce / legal separation case records
    • Names of the parties; case number; filing date; court venue
    • Decree date and terms of judgment (dissolution or separation granted)
    • Orders addressing property division, allocation of debts, maintenance (spousal support), parenting responsibilities, parenting time, child support, and name restoration (when requested/granted)
  • Annulment (declaration of invalidity)
    • Names of the parties; case number; filing and order dates
    • Court findings and order declaring the marriage invalid, plus related orders (e.g., parental responsibilities/support where applicable)

Privacy or legal restrictions

  • Marriage records
    • Recorded marriage records are generally treated as public records, but certified copies from the state vital records system are typically limited to persons with a direct and tangible interest under Colorado vital records rules. Counties may provide copies consistent with Colorado public records law and vital records statutes, with redaction practices applied where required.
  • Divorce/annulment court records
    • Colorado court records are generally public unless restricted by law or court order.
    • Sealed cases, suppressed information, and protected addresses (including protections in certain family and domestic matters) limit access to specific documents or data fields.
    • Personally identifying information (such as Social Security numbers) is subject to confidentiality requirements and redaction rules under Colorado court policies.
  • Certified copies and identity verification
    • Courts and vital records offices apply certification and identity/eligibility requirements for certified copies, and may provide non-certified copies where permitted and not restricted.

Education, Employment and Housing

Routt County is in northwestern Colorado along the Yampa River, anchored by Steamboat Springs and surrounded by large areas of national forest and ranch land. The county has a small, tourism-influenced year-round population with substantial seasonal population swings tied to ski-season employment and second-home use. Community context is shaped by a mix of resort-town services, outdoor recreation, and rural/agricultural activity, with higher-than-average housing costs relative to many Colorado counties.

Education Indicators

Public schools (district-operated)

  • Routt County’s primary public district is Steamboat Springs School District RE-2 (serving Steamboat Springs and nearby areas). A smaller district, South Routt School District RE-3 (serving the southern Routt County communities such as Oak Creek and Yampa), also operates in the county.
  • School names and counts: The most consistent public listings are maintained by the districts and the Colorado Department of Education, but an authoritative, single “countywide” public-school roster varies by source and year. District and state directories are the appropriate references: the Colorado Department of Education SchoolView and district sites (e.g., Steamboat Springs School District) provide the current school-by-school list.

Student–teacher ratios and graduation rates

  • School-level student–teacher ratios and graduation rates are published annually by the state in SchoolView. In Routt County, reported ratios typically align with small-to-mid-size mountain districts (often in the mid-teens students per teacher, varying by school level), and graduation rates are generally high by Colorado standards; the precise latest values are best cited directly from SchoolView’s most recent year for each high school due to annual variation and small cohort effects in rural schools.

Adult educational attainment

  • Routt County’s adult education levels are above many rural benchmarks and are influenced by the professional services and resort economy in Steamboat Springs. The most recent county estimates are published via the U.S. Census Bureau’s American Community Survey (ACS) tables (county profile access via data.census.gov).
    • Commonly reported measures include:
      • High school diploma (or equivalent) or higher (age 25+).
      • Bachelor’s degree or higher (age 25+).
  • Because ACS is a sample survey, county estimates have margins of error; the most recent 5‑year ACS release is the standard reference for counties of Routt’s size.

Notable programs (STEM, CTE, AP, concurrent enrollment)

  • Colorado high schools broadly participate in Advanced Placement (AP), Career and Technical Education (CTE) pathways, and concurrent enrollment through local community college partners; program availability varies by high school and year.
  • The most reliable program documentation is in district accountability reports, school course catalogs, and the state’s school profiles (see Colorado Department of Education resources). In Routt County, offerings commonly reflect:
    • AP and honors coursework at the comprehensive high school level.
    • CTE/vocational options aligned to trades, business, health, and technical pathways typical of mountain communities and service economies.
    • Outdoor/environmental learning and experiential programming that leverages local geography (district-specific).

School safety measures and counseling resources

  • Colorado districts generally maintain safety protocols that include controlled building access, visitor management, emergency operations planning, drills, and coordination with local law enforcement.
  • Student support typically includes school counselors and mental health resources, often supplemented by community partners. District- and building-level plans and staffing details are documented in district board policies and school handbooks (district websites are the primary source for the current year).

Employment and Economic Conditions

Unemployment rate (most recent available)

  • County unemployment is reported monthly and annually through the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (LAUS) and state labor dashboards. Routt County’s unemployment is strongly seasonal due to winter tourism. The most current official series is available from the BLS Local Area Unemployment Statistics and the Colorado Department of Labor and Employment (LMI).
  • The latest annual average unemployment rate should be taken from those releases because year-to-year levels can shift with tourism demand and statewide labor conditions.

Major industries and employment sectors

  • The county’s employment base is dominated by:
    • Accommodation and food services (ski resort and visitor economy).
    • Arts, entertainment, and recreation (outdoor recreation services).
    • Retail trade and transportation/warehousing (tourism-driven demand and supply logistics).
    • Construction (driven by housing demand, renovation, and resort-related development).
    • Health care and social assistance and educational services (community-serving sectors).
    • Public administration (county/municipal services).
  • Sector detail and covered employment trends are tracked through state and federal programs such as Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW) via CDLE.

Common occupations and workforce breakdown

  • Occupations commonly overrepresented relative to many Colorado counties include:
    • Food preparation and serving, building/grounds cleaning and maintenance, sales, personal care and service, and construction trades.
    • A notable share of management, business, and professional occupations appears in the Steamboat Springs area, reflecting higher-income households, real estate activity, and professional services supporting the resort economy.
  • The most consistent occupational distributions come from ACS “occupation by industry” tables and state workforce profiles.

Commuting patterns and mean commute time

  • Commuting includes a mix of local trips within the Steamboat Springs area and longer rural commutes from outlying communities (e.g., Oak Creek/Yampa) into the Steamboat Springs employment center.
  • Mean travel time to work for the county is reported in the ACS. Given the rural geography and concentrated job center, average commute times typically fall in a moderate range compared with large metro areas, with winter conditions affecting travel reliability.

Local employment versus out-of-county work

  • A substantial share of residents work within the county (especially those employed in tourism, local government, schools, and health care). Out-of-county commuting occurs but is generally constrained by long travel distances to other employment centers.
  • Net in-commuting can occur during peak seasons as workers relocate temporarily or commute from nearby counties; the best-cited measure of worker inflow/outflow is the U.S. Census LEHD/OnTheMap system (OnTheMap), which reports where workers live versus where they work.

Housing and Real Estate

Homeownership rate and rental share

  • Routt County’s housing tenure is reported in the ACS (owner-occupied vs renter-occupied). The county’s resort market also has a large share of seasonal/second homes, which is tracked separately in ACS “vacant—seasonal use” categories.
  • In resort counties, owner-occupancy in the year-round resident stock can be moderate while overall housing stock shows high seasonal/vacant shares; the ACS provides the most current benchmark.

Median property values and recent trends

  • Median home value is available from ACS, while market trends (sale prices, inventory, time on market) are typically tracked by regional MLS reports and state housing dashboards. Routt County has experienced long-run price growth associated with limited buildable land, high amenity demand, and second-home market pressures; recent years have shown volatility consistent with broader Colorado mountain markets.
  • For countywide statistical comparability, the ACS median owner-occupied value is the standard public metric; for transaction-based trends, local REALTOR/MLS summaries are commonly used (not always fully public).

Typical rent prices

  • Median gross rent is reported by ACS and is the most comparable countywide statistic. Rents in the Steamboat Springs area tend to be elevated relative to many non-metro Colorado counties due to constrained supply and seasonal demand; short-term rental dynamics can further tighten long-term availability.

Types of housing

  • Housing includes:
    • Single-family detached homes (including rural homes on larger parcels).
    • Townhomes/condominiums (particularly near the Steamboat Springs base area and in-town neighborhoods).
    • Apartments and multi-family buildings (more concentrated near Steamboat Springs services and transit).
    • Rural lots and ranchettes outside the main town core.
  • The proportion of condos and second homes is higher than in many rural counties because of the resort market.

Neighborhood characteristics (proximity to schools/amenities)

  • Residential patterns generally concentrate around:
    • Steamboat Springs: greatest proximity to schools, hospital/clinics, grocery, transit, and employment; more multi-family and condo inventory.
    • West Steamboat / lower-density edges: newer subdivisions and larger-lot housing with vehicle-dependent access.
    • South Routt communities (Oak Creek, Yampa): smaller-town housing stock with longer commutes to Steamboat Springs services and jobs.
  • Proximity to schools and recreation amenities is a primary organizing feature of housing demand in the Steamboat Springs area.

Property tax overview (rate and typical homeowner cost)

  • Colorado property tax is based on assessed value (which depends on property type and statewide assessment rates) multiplied by local mill levies. Effective rates vary by taxing district (school, county, municipality, special districts).
  • Routt County homeowner tax bills vary widely due to high property values and differences in local mill levies. Official mill levy and assessment information is maintained by the county assessor/treasurer and the Colorado Division of Property Taxation; statewide explanatory materials are available via the Colorado Department of Revenue property tax overview.
  • A single “average rate” is not uniform across the county because the mill levy differs by location; the most defensible proxy used in comparative datasets is an effective tax rate derived from median tax paid divided by median home value from ACS, with the limitation that it reflects the owner-occupied sample rather than all parcels.