Tishomingo County

Tishomingo County is located in the far northeastern corner of Mississippi, bordering both Alabama and Tennessee and lying within the Appalachian foothills region of the state. Established in 1836 and named for a Chickasaw leader, the county reflects North Mississippi’s historical ties to Native American settlement and later development around small towns and agriculture. Tishomingo County is small in population, with roughly 19,000 residents, and remains predominantly rural. The landscape is characterized by wooded hills, ridges, and waterways, including areas associated with Pickwick Lake and the Tennessee River system. Economic activity has traditionally centered on farming, forestry, and small-scale manufacturing and services, with commuting links to nearby regional job centers across state lines. Cultural life is shaped by a mix of small-town institutions, outdoor recreation traditions, and regional North Mississippi influences. The county seat is Iuka.

Tishomingo County is located in far northeastern Mississippi along the Alabama and Tennessee state lines, within the foothills of the Appalachian Highlands. The county seat is Iuka, and the county is part of the state’s Northeast Mississippi region.

Population Size

According to the U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts for Tishomingo County, Mississippi, the county’s population was 19,469 (2020).

Age & Gender

County-level age distribution and sex composition are published by the U.S. Census Bureau in its QuickFacts profile. In the QuickFacts demographic profile for Tishomingo County, see:

• Age distribution (selected age groups and median age)
• Sex composition (percent female and percent male, allowing calculation of a gender ratio from the provided shares)

Racial & Ethnic Composition

The U.S. Census Bureau publishes county-level race and Hispanic/Latino origin shares in its QuickFacts tables. The QuickFacts profile for Tishomingo County provides the county’s racial composition (e.g., White, Black or African American, American Indian/Alaska Native, Asian, and other categories) and ethnicity (Hispanic or Latino, any race).

Household & Housing Data

Household and housing characteristics for Tishomingo County are available from the U.S. Census Bureau’s QuickFacts and include measures such as number of households, persons per household, and housing units. The U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts for Tishomingo County includes the county’s household and housing indicators in the “Housing” and related sections.

For local government and planning resources, visit the Tishomingo County official website.

Tishomingo County is a largely rural, low-density county in northeast Mississippi; longer distances between households and service lines can constrain broadband buildout and make digital communication tools like email more dependent on available fixed or mobile internet options.

Direct county-level email usage statistics are not typically published, so email adoption is inferred from digital access proxies such as household broadband subscriptions and computer availability reported by the U.S. Census Bureau (data.census.gov). These indicators summarize the share of households positioned to use email reliably from home, while mobile-only access can support email with more variability in speed and data limits.

Age structure also influences likely email uptake: older populations generally show lower overall internet adoption than prime working-age adults, affecting routine email use for work, healthcare portals, and government services. County age and sex distributions are available through U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts. Gender distribution is mainly relevant as a control variable; population-level differences in email use by gender are typically smaller than age- and access-driven gaps.

Connectivity limitations are reflected in broadband availability and deployment challenges tracked by the FCC National Broadband Map.

Tishomingo County is in the northeastern corner of Mississippi along the Alabama border. The county is largely rural, with small population centers (including Iuka) and extensive forested and hilly terrain associated with the Appalachian foothills and nearby Tennessee River system. Low population density, distance from major metro fiber backbones, and terrain/vegetation can contribute to coverage gaps, weaker indoor signal levels, and fewer competitive infrastructure options relative to urban counties.

Key distinction: network availability vs. household adoption

Network availability describes where mobile operators report service (voice and mobile broadband) and the technologies available (4G LTE, 5G).
Household adoption describes whether residents actually subscribe to mobile service, own smartphones, and use mobile broadband at home or on the go. These measures do not move in lockstep; an area can have reported coverage but still show lower adoption due to affordability, device availability, or digital literacy barriers.

Mobile penetration / access indicators (county-level availability and adoption where available)

Household/device adoption (what residents use)

County-specific smartphone ownership and mobile-subscription rates are not consistently published as a standalone metric for every county, but several public datasets provide county-level indicators related to internet access and device access:

• The U.S. Census Bureau’s American Community Survey (ACS) reports household internet subscription types (including cellular data plans) and computer/device availability at local geographies, including counties, through tables used in Census.gov data products (notably “Types of Internet Subscriptions” and “Computer and Internet Use”). These are the most widely used public indicators for actual adoption rather than network presence. Reference: American Community Survey (ACS) at Census.gov and data.census.gov.
• The Mississippi state broadband office and associated state planning materials often summarize adoption challenges (cost, devices, skills) at regional levels; county-level adoption figures may appear in state reports but vary by publication year and methodology. Reference: Mississippi development and state resources and state broadband planning materials typically linked through state agencies.

Limitations: Publicly accessible, county-specific “mobile penetration” figures expressed as a single percentage (e.g., mobile subscriptions per capita) are commonly held in commercial datasets or carrier internal reporting and are not always available in a consistent, county-level public series.

Service availability (where networks are reported to exist)

For county-level mobile broadband availability, the primary public source is the FCC’s coverage reporting:

• The FCC’s Broadband Data Collection (BDC) provides provider-reported mobile broadband availability by technology and claimed coverage polygons. This is an indicator of availability, not adoption or typical performance. Reference: FCC National Broadband Map and the FCC Broadband Data Collection.

Mobile internet usage patterns and connectivity (4G/5G availability and performance context)

Reported 4G LTE availability

• 4G LTE is generally the baseline mobile broadband layer across rural Mississippi counties, including Tishomingo County, according to nationwide carrier deployment patterns and FCC availability reporting. The FCC map is the definitive public tool for verifying which providers claim LTE coverage in specific locations within the county. Source: FCC National Broadband Map.
• Practical experience in rural, wooded/hilly terrain commonly includes variability between outdoor and indoor reception, and between valley/low-lying areas and ridge lines; however, location-specific performance requires drive testing or crowdsourced measurement and is not established by availability maps alone.

Reported 5G availability (and what it means in rural counties)

• 5G availability in rural counties frequently consists of low-band 5G layers where carriers have upgraded existing macro sites; this can extend coverage but does not necessarily imply large speed gains over LTE compared with mid-band deployments. The FCC National Broadband Map is the primary public reference for where providers report 5G service in the county. Source: FCC National Broadband Map.
• Countywide statements about “typical” 5G speeds are not supported by FCC availability data alone. Speed and latency vary by backhaul capacity, cell loading, spectrum holdings, and signal conditions, which are not fully expressed in coverage layers.

Mobile broadband as home internet

• In rural areas, cellular data plans and fixed wireless can substitute for wired broadband in some households. ACS tables that enumerate “cellular data plan” subscriptions provide a county-level view of reliance on mobile service as an internet connection type (adoption indicator). Source: data.census.gov (ACS internet subscription tables).

Common device types (smartphones vs. other devices)

County-level device ownership by type is most reliably tracked through ACS “Computer and Internet Use” tables, which include categories such as desktop/laptop and other device measures used in published Census tabulations. While ACS does not directly publish “smartphone ownership” as a single universally comparable county metric in all releases, it does provide the closest public, standardized indicators of device access and subscription types at county scale.

General device mix in rural U.S. counties tends to be dominated by smartphones for everyday connectivity (communications, apps, navigation, social media), with laptops/desktops more associated with work/school tasks when available. For Tishomingo County, definitive statements about the share of smartphones vs. feature phones require county-specific survey data; public sources more commonly support statements about whether households have any computing device and what type of internet subscription they use. Source: ACS program documentation (Census.gov).

Limitations: Carrier activation datasets and OS market-share analytics that could precisely quantify smartphone prevalence at county level are typically proprietary.

Demographic and geographic factors influencing mobile usage and connectivity

Key factors that commonly shape both availability and adoption in rural Mississippi counties—supported by the types of metrics published through the Census and the FCC—include:

• Population density and settlement pattern: Dispersed housing increases per-user infrastructure costs and can reduce the number of cell sites justified by traffic demand, affecting both coverage depth and capacity. County settlement characteristics can be reviewed via Census geographic and demographic profiles. Source: Census QuickFacts.
• Terrain, forests, and water features: Hills, tree cover, and irregular topography can attenuate signal and create localized shadowing, particularly for higher-frequency services. This can influence indoor coverage and the practical usability of mobile broadband even where availability is reported.
• Income and affordability constraints: Adoption (subscriptions, device ownership, data plan tiers) is strongly associated with household income and poverty measures, which are available at county scale via ACS. Source: data.census.gov (ACS income and poverty tables).
• Age distribution: Older populations often show different device and service adoption patterns than younger populations. County age structure is available through Census profiles and ACS tables. Source: Census QuickFacts.
• Commuting patterns and regional ties: Cross-county travel (including to Alabama and nearby Mississippi counties) can shape where mobile demand is concentrated (towns, highways, recreation areas), which in turn can influence where carriers invest in capacity upgrades. Public commuting and employment geography indicators are available through Census products. Source: Census commuting topics.
• Institutional anchors: Schools, healthcare facilities, and government sites can concentrate demand for reliable connectivity. Local context is available through county resources. Source: Tishomingo County government website.

County-level data limitations and best public sources for verification

• Network availability (4G/5G): The most authoritative public, location-specific source is the FCC National Broadband Map, based on BDC filings. It indicates where providers report service and which technology categories are claimed.
• Adoption (subscriptions/devices): The most authoritative public, county-scale source is the U.S. Census Bureau (ACS via data.census.gov), which supports analysis of household internet subscription types (including cellular data plans) and device availability.
• Performance (speeds/latency) and “actual use patterns”: Public availability maps do not establish typical speeds or quality. Countywide, representative performance measurement typically requires independent testing, crowdsourced measurement programs, or specialized studies; these are not uniformly available for every county and are not provided as a standard FCC county performance series.

This combination—FCC for availability and ACS for adoption—is the standard public framework for describing mobile connectivity conditions in Tishomingo County while clearly separating where service is reported to exist from how residents actually subscribe and use mobile internet.

Tishomingo County is Mississippi’s northeasternmost county, bordering Alabama and anchored by small towns such as Iuka (the county seat), Belmont, and Tishomingo. The area’s rural settlement pattern, relatively older age profile compared with large metros, and strong local community institutions (schools, churches, civic groups) typically correspond with heavier use of “community” and messaging-oriented social platforms, and with reliance on mobile connectivity where fixed broadband access is less uniform than in urban regions.

User statistics (penetration / active use)

• No county-specific, public “social media penetration” estimate is regularly published for Tishomingo County in the way it is for states or large metros. Most reliable figures come from national surveys that can be used as a baseline.
• U.S. adult benchmark: About 70% of U.S. adults use social media (share varies by survey year and method). Source: Pew Research Center social media fact sheet.
• Mississippi context: State-level demographics (older age distribution, rurality) tend to correlate with slightly lower overall adoption than large coastal metros, while still maintaining broad usage due to near-universal smartphone ownership among working-age groups. County-level variation is often driven more by age and connectivity than by county boundaries.

Age group trends (who uses social media most)

National patterns are consistent and are the best-supported proxy for age gradients in small counties:

• Highest usage: 18–29 and 30–49 adults show the greatest social media adoption and highest multi-platform use.
• Middle usage: 50–64 adults show high but lower-than-younger cohorts adoption, with heavier concentration on fewer platforms (notably Facebook).
• Lowest usage: 65+ adults show the lowest adoption, though usage has risen steadily over time and is frequently centered on Facebook and YouTube. Source: Pew Research Center social media fact sheet.

Gender breakdown

• Overall: Women are more likely than men to use certain social platforms, particularly Facebook, Instagram, and Pinterest, while YouTube tends to be broadly used across genders.
• Platform-specific differences are generally more pronounced than overall “any social media” differences. Source: Pew Research Center social media fact sheet.

Most-used platforms (percentages where available)

County-level platform shares are not routinely published by major research organizations; the most reliable comparable percentages are national adult usage estimates:

• YouTube: ~83% of U.S. adults
• Facebook: ~68%
• Instagram: ~47%
• Pinterest: ~35%
• TikTok: ~33%
• LinkedIn: ~30%
• WhatsApp: ~29%
• Snapchat: ~27%
• X (formerly Twitter): ~22% Source: Pew Research Center social media fact sheet.

Interpretation for Tishomingo County: Given the county’s rural character and older-leaning population, the local ranking commonly skews toward Facebook and YouTube as “reach” platforms, with Instagram and TikTok more concentrated among younger residents, and LinkedIn comparatively less prominent outside professional/commuter segments.

Behavioral trends (engagement patterns and preferences)

• Community and local-information use: Rural counties frequently show heavier reliance on Facebook Groups/pages for school events, local government updates, weather impacts, and community notices, reflecting the platform’s strong penetration among older and middle-aged adults. Nationally, Facebook remains a central platform for local networks in many communities. Source baseline: Pew Research Center social media fact sheet.
• Video-first consumption: With YouTube’s very high reach nationally, short and long-form video is a primary mode of consumption; engagement commonly involves passive viewing rather than frequent posting.
• Messaging and sharing: Across platforms, everyday use is often driven by sharing posts, commenting, and direct messaging rather than creating original content; this pattern is broadly consistent with U.S. adult usage research emphasizing “keeping in touch” and entertainment/news as major motivations. Source for U.S. usage patterns and platform adoption: Pew Research Center.
• Age-based platform preference:
  • Younger adults: higher concentration on Instagram, TikTok, Snapchat; more frequent daily sessions and short-form content engagement.
  • Middle/older adults: higher concentration on Facebook and YouTube; more event- and community-oriented interactions.
• News and local updates: Social platforms function as distribution channels for news and civic information for many U.S. adults; consumption patterns vary by platform, with Facebook and YouTube among the more common sources encountered in everyday use. Source: Pew Research Center: Social media and news.

Tishomingo County family and associate-related public records include vital records (birth and death certificates), marriage records (licenses and returns), divorce records (court case files), and limited guardianship and probate materials related to family relationships. Birth and death records are maintained at the state level by the Mississippi State Department of Health (MSDH) Vital Records office and are not fully open to the general public; certified copies are issued under statutory eligibility and identification requirements. Adoption records are generally sealed and accessed through court or state processes, subject to restrictions.

County-level access centers on the Chancery Clerk (marriage, divorce filings, probate, guardianships) and the Circuit Clerk (civil and criminal court records that may reference family or associates). In-person access is provided during office hours for public inspection of non-restricted records and for obtaining certified copies where authorized. Online access to some indexed court and land records is commonly provided through the Mississippi electronic records portal used by participating counties: MSLandRecords (county land and some chancery indexing). Official county contact points are listed through the county’s government directory: Tishomingo County, Mississippi.

Privacy limits apply to sealed adoption matters, youth court files, some medical/mental-health references in case records, and state-restricted vital records. Copy fees, certification rules, and record retention practices follow state schedules and clerk policies.

Types of records available

• Marriage license and marriage return/certificate: The county issues marriage licenses and records the completed return after the ceremony is performed. These county-level records document that a marriage was authorized and (once returned) that it occurred.
• Divorce decree and related case filings: Divorces are maintained as court records in the county court that entered the final judgment (decree). The decree is the final order dissolving the marriage; the case file may include pleadings, notices, settlement agreements, and orders.
• Annulment decrees and related case filings: Annulments (declarations that a marriage is void or voidable) are maintained as court records in the county court that entered the judgment. The decree is the final order; the case file contains supporting pleadings and orders.

Where records are filed and how they can be accessed

• Marriage records (county filing)
  • Office of record: Tishomingo County Chancery Clerk maintains county marriage records (licenses and returns) as part of the clerk’s recording responsibilities.
  • Access: Requests are typically handled by the Chancery Clerk’s office in person, by mail, or through any county-approved record request process. Some marriage indexes may be available through third-party or state-supported historical databases, depending on the year and digitization status.
• Divorce and annulment records (court filing)
  • Office of record: The Chancery Clerk serves as the clerk of the Chancery Court and maintains chancery case files and final judgments for matters within chancery jurisdiction, including many domestic-relations proceedings. In Mississippi, some divorce matters may also be filed in other courts depending on jurisdiction and circumstances, but the official record is held by the clerk of the court that entered the judgment.
  • Access: Case records are accessed through the clerk of the court of record (commonly the Chancery Clerk for chancery matters). Public access is generally available for non-sealed files; certified copies are issued by the clerk.
• State-level vital records (marriage and divorce verification)
  • Mississippi maintains statewide vital records through the Mississippi State Department of Health, Vital Records, which provides certified copies and verifications within the state’s retention policies and eligibility rules. County records remain the primary local source for recorded instruments and court case files.

Typical information included in these records

• Marriage license / marriage record
  • Full names of the parties
  • Date the license was issued and county of issuance
  • Age or date of birth (varies by period and form)
  • Residence information (often city/county/state)
  • Officiant name and title, date and place of ceremony (on the return/certificate)
  • Clerk certification, book/page or instrument number, and filing date
• Divorce decree (final judgment)
  • Names of the parties and case number
  • Court name and county, filing and judgment dates
  • Findings and orders dissolving the marriage
  • Provisions addressing property division, debt allocation, alimony, child custody/visitation, child support, and name change (as applicable)
• Divorce/annulment case file (supporting documents)
  • Complaint/petition and answer, summons/returns of service
  • Motions, affidavits, financial statements (often), exhibits
  • Settlement agreement or consent terms (when applicable)
  • Temporary orders and final order/decree
• Annulment decree
  • Names of the parties and case number
  • Court findings that the marriage is void or voidable under Mississippi law
  • Orders addressing related issues (property, support, custody) when applicable

Privacy or legal restrictions

• Public-record status and sealed materials
  • Marriage records recorded by the county clerk are generally treated as public records, subject to Mississippi public records law and any specific statutory limitations.
  • Court records (divorce/annulment) are generally public unless the court seals specific documents or the entire case file by order. Sealing is more common for sensitive materials (for example, certain financial data, medical information, or matters involving minors).
• Certified copies and identification
  • Clerks and the state vital records office control issuance of certified copies and may require request forms, fees, and identification or eligibility documentation, especially for state-issued vital records.
• Protected personal information
  • Social Security numbers, some financial account numbers, and certain personal identifiers may be redacted or restricted under court rules, privacy practices, or specific court orders.
• Adoptions and certain youth-related proceedings
  • While distinct from divorce/annulment, Mississippi courts commonly restrict access to adoption records and some youth-related case materials; related confidentiality rules may affect filings when such issues intersect with domestic-relations proceedings.

Tishomingo County is in the far northeast corner of Mississippi along the Alabama and Tennessee lines, with Iuka as the county seat and small-town communities such as Belmont, Burnsville, and Tishomingo. The county’s settlement pattern is largely rural with a few small municipal centers, and daily life is shaped by proximity to the Tennessee River system (including Pickwick Lake) and cross-state labor markets in the broader Tri-State area.

Education Indicators

Public schools and school names

Public K–12 education is provided by the Tishomingo County School District. School listings and profiles are maintained by the district and state report cards (school names vary by year due to grade reconfigurations and consolidations). The most reliable up-to-date source for the current roster is the district’s site and Mississippi’s report card system: the Tishomingo County School District and the Mississippi Department of Education accountability/reporting resources.
Proxy note: A countywide “number of public schools” count changes over time with consolidations; a fixed count is best taken directly from the district’s current school directory and MDE school report cards.

Student–teacher ratios and graduation rates

• Student–teacher ratio (proxy): County-level ratios are commonly reported in federal and state education datasets, but current district-by-district ratios vary by school and year. For the most standardized public reference, use the district/school report cards published through MDE.
• Graduation rate: Mississippi publishes high school graduation rates through statewide accountability reporting. County-specific graduation rates are available via MDE school/district report cards rather than as a single, static “county graduation rate” in one table.

Adult education levels

Adult educational attainment is most consistently measured by the U.S. Census Bureau’s American Community Survey (ACS). The ACS profile tables provide:

• High school diploma or equivalent (age 25+): share completing at least high school
• Bachelor’s degree or higher (age 25+): share completing a 4-year degree or more
  The most direct public reference for these indicators is the county profile in data.census.gov (ACS 5-year estimates).
  Proxy note: For small-population counties, ACS 5-year estimates are preferred for stability.

Notable programs (STEM, vocational training, AP)

• Career and Technical Education (CTE): Mississippi districts commonly provide CTE pathways aligned to state frameworks; program availability is documented in district course catalogs and CTE reports. County students also draw on regional community college offerings for workforce credentials, typically coordinated through Northeast Mississippi Community College (regional workforce and technical programs).
• Advanced Placement (AP) / dual enrollment (proxy): AP course availability and participation are most reliably captured in school profiles/course guides and state accountability reporting. Dual-enrollment opportunities are generally coordinated with nearby community colleges under Mississippi policy.

School safety measures and counseling resources

Mississippi districts implement safety planning under state requirements and local policy (visitor procedures, emergency drills, and coordination with local law enforcement are typical). Counseling resources are generally provided through school counselors and student services; specifics (counselor staffing, mental health partnerships, and safety protocols) are documented in district handbooks and board policies, accessible through the district’s official publications and MDE guidance pages.

Employment and Economic Conditions

Unemployment rate (most recent)

The official, regularly updated county unemployment rate is published by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (LAUS series). The most current monthly and annual averages for Tishomingo County are available via BLS Local Area Unemployment Statistics.
Proxy note: Because the “most recent year available” changes continuously, the BLS LAUS annual average is the standard reference for a definitive current rate.

Major industries and employment sectors

Employment in Tishomingo County typically reflects a rural North Mississippi mix:

• Manufacturing (often durable goods and regional plant employment)
• Retail trade and accommodation/food services
• Health care and social assistance
• Educational services (public schools) and local government
• Construction and transportation/warehousing (regional logistics corridors) Sector shares are reported in ACS industry-of-employment tables on data.census.gov and in workforce summaries from Mississippi agencies such as Mississippi Department of Employment Security.

Common occupations and workforce breakdown

Occupational distribution is best sourced from ACS occupation tables, which commonly show notable shares in:

• Production and manufacturing roles
• Office/administrative support
• Sales
• Transportation and material moving
• Health care support and practitioner roles
• Construction and maintenance County-level occupation percentages are available through ACS occupation tables.

Commuting patterns and mean commute time

• Mean commute time: Reported by the ACS (county of residence). Rural counties in the region typically show commute times that reflect cross-county and cross-state travel to larger job centers.
• Mode of commute: Driving alone is typically the dominant mode in rural Mississippi counties; carpooling is present; public transit shares are generally minimal.
  The definitive county metrics are in ACS commuting tables on data.census.gov.

Local employment versus out-of-county work

Tishomingo County functions as part of a multi-county labor shed, and a significant share of residents commonly work outside the county in nearby employment centers (including cross-border commuting). The most standardized way to quantify this is the U.S. Census Bureau’s commuting flow products such as LODES OnTheMap, which provides residence-to-workplace flows and in-/out-commuting shares.

Housing and Real Estate

Homeownership rate and rental share

Homeownership and renting shares are published by the ACS (tenure). Rural North Mississippi counties generally have higher homeownership shares than large metropolitan counties. The official county tenure percentages are available on data.census.gov (ACS 5-year).

Median property values and recent trends

• Median home value: The ACS provides the median value of owner-occupied housing units (county of residence).
• Trend proxy: For small counties, year-to-year changes can be volatile in survey estimates; multi-year trend context is commonly taken from ACS time series and supplemented with private market trackers at broader geographies. The definitive baseline value remains ACS median home value on data.census.gov.

Typical rent prices

• Median gross rent: Published by the ACS and available at the county level. This is the standard benchmark for “typical rent” in official statistics. Source: ACS housing tables.

Types of housing

The county’s housing stock is predominantly:

• Single-family detached homes and manufactured housing in rural areas
• Low-rise multifamily and small apartment properties concentrated near town centers (e.g., Iuka)
  Housing-structure type shares (single-family, multifamily, mobile homes) are provided by ACS housing stock tables on data.census.gov.

Neighborhood characteristics (proximity to schools or amenities)

Residential development is generally dispersed, with the highest concentration of services and amenities around Iuka and smaller municipal nodes. Proximity to schools typically corresponds to these town centers, while rural lots offer larger parcels with longer travel times to schools, grocery, and health services. For mapped amenities and school locations, county GIS and district school directories are the most direct references; a standardized public mapping source for school sites is also available through district and state directories (see district listings and MDE directories).

Property tax overview (average rate and typical homeowner cost)

Property taxes in Mississippi are levied primarily at the local level and expressed in mills applied to assessed value, with assessment ratios varying by property type. County-specific millage rates and typical tax bills vary by taxing district (county, municipality, school district) and exemptions. The most authoritative county references are the local tax assessor/collector publications and Mississippi guidance on property taxation through the Mississippi Department of Revenue.
Proxy note: A single “average county property tax rate” is not a stable figure due to overlapping taxing districts; published millage schedules and example bills by taxing jurisdiction are the definitive method for typical homeowner cost estimates.*