Clay County

Clay County is located in northeastern Mississippi, along the Alabama state line, and forms part of the broader Golden Triangle region of East Mississippi. Established in 1871 and named for statesman Henry Clay, the county developed around agriculture and small river and creek valleys that shape its rolling terrain. Clay County is small in population, with roughly 20,000 residents, and remains predominantly rural, with small towns and dispersed communities. The landscape includes forested areas, pastureland, and cropland, and the county’s economy has historically centered on farming and forestry, alongside public-sector and light industrial employment tied to nearby regional hubs. Cultural life reflects long-standing North Mississippi traditions, including church-centered community institutions and local high school sports. The county seat is West Point, the largest city in the county and a regional center for government and services.

Clay County is located in eastern Mississippi in the state’s Black Prairie region, bordering Alabama. The county seat is West Point, and the county is part of the Golden Triangle area of northeastern Mississippi.

Population Size

According to the U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts profile for Clay County, Mississippi, the county had a population of 20,676 (2020 Census). The same Census Bureau profile reports a 2023 population estimate of 20,230.

Age & Gender

According to the U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts profile for Clay County, Mississippi (most recent “Persons” and “Age and Sex” entries shown on that page):

• Age distribution (selected measures)
  • Under age 18: 20.1%
  • Age 65 and over: 17.7%
• Gender
  • Female persons: 52.0%
  • Male persons: 48.0% (computed as the remainder to 100% from the same Census Bureau source)

Racial & Ethnic Composition

According to the U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts profile for Clay County, Mississippi (race and Hispanic origin measures as displayed on that page):

• White alone: 41.3%
• Black or African American alone: 54.7%
• American Indian and Alaska Native alone: 0.2%
• Asian alone: 0.6%
• Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone: 0.0%
• Two or more races: 3.2%
• Hispanic or Latino (of any race): 2.0%

Household & Housing Data

According to the U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts profile for Clay County, Mississippi (households and housing measures as displayed on that page):

• Households (2019–2023): 7,965
• Persons per household (2019–2023): 2.47
• Owner-occupied housing unit rate (2019–2023): 63.3%
• Median value of owner-occupied housing units (2019–2023, in 2023 dollars): $115,000
• Median selected monthly owner costs with a mortgage (2019–2023): $1,045
• Median selected monthly owner costs without a mortgage (2019–2023): $386
• Median gross rent (2019–2023): $747

For local government and planning resources, visit the Clay County, Mississippi official website.

Clay County, Mississippi is a largely rural county where lower population density and greater distances between households raise the per-location cost of wired infrastructure, shaping residents’ reliance on broadband availability for routine digital communication such as email.

Direct county-level email-usage statistics are not routinely published, so broadband and device access are used as proxies for likely email access and adoption. The most consistent local indicators come from the U.S. Census Bureau (ACS), which reports household access to a computer and household broadband subscriptions (table series commonly used for these measures includes DP02/S2801). Age structure also influences adoption: older populations typically show lower adoption of some online services relative to working-age adults, so Clay County’s age distribution from the ACS demographic profiles provides context for expected email reliance and barriers.

Gender distribution is generally less predictive of email use than age and access; it is tracked in ACS profiles for completeness rather than as a primary driver.

Connectivity constraints are commonly tied to rural last-mile coverage, affordability, and service quality; provider footprint and reported availability can be referenced via the FCC National Broadband Map.

Clay County is in northeastern Mississippi along the Alabama border, part of the Golden Triangle region anchored by nearby Columbus (Lowndes County). The county is predominantly rural, with small municipalities (including West Point) and large areas of low-density settlement and agricultural/wooded land. These characteristics matter for mobile connectivity because fewer towers serve larger areas, and tree cover and distance from tower sites can reduce signal strength and indoor reception compared with denser urban areas.

Data availability and limits (county-level vs. modeled estimates)

County-level, directly observed metrics such as “mobile phone penetration” or “smartphone-only households” are not consistently published in a single official dataset for every county. Most authoritative public sources fall into two categories:

• Modeled/Provider-reported network availability (coverage claims, technology availability) such as the FCC’s Broadband Data Collection.
• Survey-based adoption that is usually available at broader geographies (state, metro, or national) rather than county-specific, such as American Community Survey (ACS) internet subscription tables.

As a result, Clay County discussion below clearly separates network availability from household adoption/usage, and notes where only state-level indicators are available.

Network availability (coverage and technology present, not adoption)

FCC mobile broadband coverage (4G LTE and 5G)

The most-used public source for county-level mobile coverage is the FCC’s Broadband Data Collection (BDC), which publishes provider-submitted availability by location and technology. The BDC can be queried to view 4G LTE and 5G availability footprints and the list of reporting providers for Clay County. Availability is not the same as consistent performance; it indicates where providers report they can offer service. Coverage can vary substantially within the county due to terrain/vegetation, tower spacing, and indoor attenuation.

• Primary source for reported mobile coverage and technologies: the FCC’s National Broadband Map (use the map search for Clay County, MS, and select “Mobile Broadband” filters for LTE/5G).

Typical rural-coverage constraints relevant to Clay County

• Cell edge effects: Larger rural cells mean more locations at the edge of coverage where speeds and reliability are lower.
• Vegetation and building penetration: Tree cover and building materials can reduce indoor signal, increasing reliance on Wi‑Fi calling where available.
• Backhaul and tower density: Even where LTE/5G is reported as available, real-world throughput depends on tower backhaul capacity and sector loading.

These are general rural network engineering constraints and do not substitute for field measurements.

5G availability patterns (county-level detail limited to provider-reported availability)

County-level public reporting typically does not separate 5G into consistent performance tiers in a way that allows a definitive statement about user experience (for example, “mid-band vs. low-band” layers) without carrier-specific engineering data. The FCC map can show where providers report 5G availability, but it does not provide a standardized, countywide “share of population using 5G” metric.

• County-level coverage footprints and provider lists are best verified directly using the FCC National Broadband Map.

Household adoption and access indicators (use, not availability)

Internet subscription and device access measures

The most authoritative survey source for household internet subscription in the U.S. is the U.S. Census Bureau’s ACS. However, the ACS commonly provides internet subscription types (e.g., cellular data plan, broadband) at geographies that may not always be published or stable at the county level for every table/year, and “smartphone-only” measures are often easier to obtain at national/state levels than for small counties.

• Authoritative source for ACS internet and computer tables: Census.gov (American Community Survey).
• Tool frequently used to retrieve ACS tables by geography (including counties when available): data.census.gov.

Limitation: Without citing a specific ACS table and year output for Clay County (which varies by release and table availability), a definitive numeric “mobile penetration” rate for the county cannot be stated here from an official source.

Smartphone access vs. “cellular data plan” subscription

Public survey data generally distinguishes between:

• Having a cellular data plan (a form of internet subscription),
• Having a smartphone (device ownership), and
• Using mobile internet (behavior), which is not consistently measured at county level.

Clay County-specific device ownership rates (smartphone vs. feature phone vs. other) are not typically published as a standard county table in official federal datasets. County-level adoption is therefore best inferred only through:

• ACS household internet subscription indicators where available at the county level, and
• Statewide benchmarks from Mississippi agencies and federal surveys, clearly labeled as not county-specific.

Mobile internet usage patterns (actual usage vs. network capability)

4G LTE as the baseline for wide-area mobile internet

In rural counties across Mississippi, 4G LTE generally remains the baseline wide-area mobile data technology. Even in places with 5G availability, many devices and many connections continue to operate on LTE due to signal conditions, handset capability, and network layer design.

Clay County-specific usage split (LTE vs. 5G) is not published as an official county statistic in common public datasets. The FCC map provides availability rather than usage.

5G usage dependence on device mix and coverage layers

Actual 5G use depends on:

• Handset support for 5G bands,
• Local 5G coverage footprint (as reported by providers),
• Indoor signal conditions, and
• Network loading.

Public, authoritative county-level “share of traffic on 5G” statistics are generally not available.

Common device types (smartphones vs. other devices)

What is known from standard public datasets

County-level breakdowns of:

• smartphones vs. feature phones,
• tablets vs. laptops for internet access,
• mobile hotspot device prevalence, are not consistently available from official public sources at the county level.

Practical device categories relevant to rural connectivity

While not quantifiable for Clay County from a single official county dataset, the device categories that affect connectivity in rural areas include:

• Smartphones (dominant for mobile internet access nationwide),
• Fixed wireless/5G home internet receivers (where offered, counted as broadband subscription rather than “mobile use” in many surveys),
• Mobile hotspots (including phone tethering and dedicated hotspot devices),
• Legacy/feature phones (voice/SMS-focused; limited data capability).

Because Clay County-specific device-type shares are not available in a standard official county table, no numeric breakdown is stated here.

Demographic and geographic factors influencing mobile usage in Clay County

Rural settlement pattern and population density

Lower population density tends to:

• reduce the business case for dense tower grids,
• increase average distance to the nearest site,
• create more variability in reception and speed across the county.

Income and affordability constraints (measured more reliably at broader geographies)

Affordability influences:

• whether households rely on mobile-only internet,
• prepaid vs. postpaid plan selection,
• device replacement cycles (older phones less likely to support newer 5G bands).

County-level affordability metrics exist (e.g., income and poverty) via the Census Bureau, but tying those directly to “mobile-only” reliance requires survey measures not consistently available at county resolution.

• County demographic baselines: data.census.gov (search Clay County, Mississippi for income/poverty/age distributions).

Coverage variability by land cover and built environment

In rural Northeast Mississippi, land cover (trees) and building characteristics (older construction, metal roofs/buildings in some areas) can reduce indoor signal, increasing dependence on:

• Wi‑Fi offload where fixed broadband exists,
• Wi‑Fi calling supported by carriers and devices.

This describes known RF propagation effects; no countywide measurement is implied.

Distinguishing availability vs. adoption (summary)

• Network availability (reported coverage): Best verified for Clay County through the FCC National Broadband Map, which shows where providers report LTE and 5G service is available.
• Household adoption (subscriptions, access): Best verified through data.census.gov using ACS internet subscription tables where published at the county level; county-specific smartphone/feature-phone shares are not consistently available in official public tables.
• Actual usage patterns (LTE vs. 5G traffic, device mix): Not generally available as authoritative county-level public statistics; provider engineering data and private analytics are outside standard public reference sources.

Key external sources for Clay County, Mississippi

• FCC reported broadband availability (including mobile): FCC National Broadband Map
• U.S. Census Bureau survey framework: American Community Survey (ACS) on Census.gov
• Retrieval of ACS tables and county demographics: data.census.gov
• Mississippi statewide broadband context (planning, programs, and mapped resources where provided): State of Mississippi official portal (links onward to state broadband resources vary by administrative structure and program year)

Limitation statement: The most defensible county-specific statements for Clay County are about reported network availability (FCC BDC) and general county demographics (Census). Direct county-level statistics on smartphone penetration, mobile-only reliance, and LTE vs. 5G usage shares are not consistently published in official public datasets, so numeric claims are not included here without a specific table output.

Clay County is in eastern Mississippi in the Golden Triangle region, anchored by West Point and adjacent to the Columbus–Starkville labor and retail markets. The county’s mix of small-city amenities, surrounding rural communities, and moderate broadband constraints typical of non-metro Mississippi can shape social media use toward mobile-first access and high reliance on a few dominant platforms for news, local updates, and community groups.

User statistics (penetration and active use)

• Direct, county-specific social-media penetration estimates are not published in major public datasets. Most reliable measurement is available at the national and state level rather than by county.
• As a benchmark for likely local adoption, U.S. adult social media use is widespread: major national surveys consistently find that a large majority of U.S. adults use at least one social platform. Reference: Pew Research Center: Social Media Fact Sheet.
• For context on connectivity constraints that can affect active usage (especially video and frequent posting), Mississippi broadband availability and adoption patterns can be reviewed via FCC National Broadband Map.

Age group trends

National survey patterns generally describe how usage concentrates by age, and these patterns typically carry into smaller markets:

• Highest use: 18–29 and 30–49 adults (highest likelihood of using multiple platforms and daily use).
• Mid-level use: 50–64 adults (broad adoption, with stronger tilt toward Facebook and YouTube than newer text-first networks).
• Lowest use: 65+ (lower overall use, but substantial Facebook and YouTube presence). Source: Pew Research Center social media use by age.

Gender breakdown

• Across major platforms, gender skews vary by service (for example, women tend to over-index on visually oriented and community-focused platforms, while men often over-index on some discussion/news-oriented platforms).
• The most defensible summary uses platform-level audience composition from large, recurring surveys. Reference: Pew Research Center platform-by-platform demographics.
• County-specific gender splits are not available from Pew or other national probability surveys; local composition generally tracks the platform mix (e.g., heavier Facebook use typically produces a more balanced-to-female-leaning distribution).

Most-used platforms (share of adults; national benchmarks)

Reliable platform percentages are available nationally (not at Clay County level). The following are commonly among the most-used services by U.S. adults:

• YouTube (highest reach)
• Facebook (next-highest reach; especially strong in small communities for groups, events, and announcements)
• Instagram, Pinterest, TikTok, LinkedIn, X (Twitter) (varying reach by age and purpose) Source for current platform reach estimates: Pew Research Center: platform usage percentages.

Behavioral trends (engagement patterns and preferences)

• Community and local-information use is typically Facebook-led in non-metro counties: groups, local business pages, school/sports updates, church/community announcements, and local news sharing.
• Video-heavy consumption is commonly centered on YouTube and TikTok, with YouTube spanning all adult ages and TikTok skewing younger; short-form video also draws engagement on Instagram.
• Messaging and private sharing are significant alongside public posting, reflecting a broader shift toward sharing in smaller circles rather than wide public feeds (a pattern documented in national research on changing social behaviors online). Reference: Pew Research Center research on social media use and sharing behaviors.
• Mobile-first usage tends to be higher in rural areas, reinforcing short video, scrolling feeds, and app-based notifications as primary engagement modes; connectivity limitations can reduce long-form streaming frequency and increase reliance on compressed video and text/photo updates. Connectivity context: FCC broadband availability data.

Clay County family and associate-related public records are primarily maintained through Mississippi state agencies, with some access facilitated locally. Birth and death records (vital records) are kept by the Mississippi State Department of Health, Vital Records; certified copies are issued through the state rather than the county (Mississippi Vital Records (MSDH)). Adoption records are generally sealed and handled through state processes and courts; public access is restricted.

Marriage and divorce records are maintained at the county level through the Clay County Chancery Clerk (marriage licenses; some family court filings) (Clay County Chancery Clerk). Many court-related family records (divorce, custody, guardianship, probate) are filed with the Chancery Clerk and are typically searchable in person; availability of online indexes varies.

Property, deed, and lien records—often used for associate or relationship research—are recorded through the Chancery Clerk’s land records functions, with in-person access and, in some cases, electronic search tools listed by the county (Clay County, Mississippi (official website)). Criminal and civil case information may be available through the Clay County Circuit Clerk, generally via in-person records requests (Clay County Circuit Clerk).

Privacy restrictions commonly apply to vital records, adoption files, and certain family-court matters involving minors; certified copies typically require identity and eligibility verification under state rules.

Types of records available

Marriage records

• Marriage license applications and issued licenses: Created and recorded by the county when a couple applies for and receives authorization to marry.
• Marriage returns/certificates (proof of solemnization): The officiant’s completed return is filed with the county after the ceremony and recorded as part of the county marriage record.
• Marriage record books/indexes: Chronological record books and name-based indexes maintained by the county for retrieval.

Divorce records

• Divorce case files: Court records for divorce actions filed in the county, typically including pleadings, evidence filings, orders, and the final judgment.
• Final divorce decree/judgment: The court’s final order dissolving the marriage, usually contained within the chancery court file and recorded in court minutes/order books.

Annulment records

• Annulment case files and decrees: Annulments are handled as a chancery court matter in Mississippi; records are maintained as chancery court case files and include the final decree when granted.

Where records are filed and how they can be accessed

Clay County filing offices

• Marriage records: Maintained and recorded by the Clay County Chancery Clerk (marriage license records and related indexes).
• Divorce and annulment records: Filed and maintained by the Clay County Chancery Court, with records kept by the Chancery Clerk as the clerk of that court.

State-level records and verification

• Mississippi maintains a statewide repository for vital events through the Mississippi State Department of Health (MSDH), Vital Records, which issues certified copies and maintains state indexes for eligible years and record types, subject to state rules.
  Link: Mississippi Vital Records (MSDH)

Access methods (general)

• Certified copies: Commonly available through the chancery clerk for county marriage records and through MSDH for statewide vital records, subject to eligibility and identification requirements.
• Court file access: Divorce and annulment files are accessed through the chancery clerk/court records process. Some documents may be viewable as public court records unless sealed or restricted.
• Indexes and historical volumes: Older marriage record books and indexes are typically maintained in the chancery clerk’s records; availability and format vary by record age.

Typical information included in these records

Marriage license and return

Commonly includes:

• Full names of spouses
• Date the license was issued and date/place of marriage
• Officiant’s name, title/authority, and certification/return
• Ages or dates of birth (varies by era and form), residences, and sometimes parents’ names
• Clerk’s recording information (book/page or instrument number)

Divorce decree/judgment (chancery court)

Commonly includes:

• Names of parties and case number
• Date of filing and date of final judgment
• Grounds or findings supporting the divorce (as reflected in pleadings and orders)
• Orders on property division, debt allocation, custody/visitation, child support, alimony, and name restoration (when applicable)
• Any incorporated settlement agreement terms (when applicable)

Annulment decree (chancery court)

Commonly includes:

• Names of parties and case number
• Findings supporting annulment (e.g., legal basis as determined by the court)
• Orders addressing related issues such as costs and, when applicable, custody/support matters

Privacy or legal restrictions

• Marriage records: Generally treated as public records at the county level, though certified copies are issued under administrative rules that may require a written application, identification, and fees. Some data elements may be redacted from publicly distributed copies depending on current forms and state practice.
• Divorce and annulment records: Court records are generally public unless restricted by law or sealed by court order. Filings can contain sensitive information (e.g., minor children’s information, financial account details, or abuse allegations) that may be subject to redaction requirements or limited disclosure under court rules and privacy protections.
• Confidential/limited-access items: Certain attachments or reports filed in family matters (such as specific evaluations, protected addresses, or other sensitive materials) may be restricted by statute, court rule, or sealing orders.
• State vital records access controls: MSDH Vital Records applies statutory and administrative restrictions to issuance of certified copies, including identity verification and eligibility standards.

Clay County is in east‑central Mississippi along the Alabama border, anchored by West Point and the Prairie belt landscape. The county is largely small‑town and rural, with a majority‑Black population and a household income profile below U.S. averages. Recent population counts place the county at roughly 20,000 residents (U.S. Census Bureau).

Education Indicators

Public schools (district, count, and names)

Public K–12 education is primarily served by West Point Consolidated School District. A complete, current school roster is maintained by the district and the Mississippi Department of Education; the district’s school directory is available via the West Point Consolidated School District website (West Point Consolidated School District).
A countywide count and the definitive list of school names can vary slightly year to year due to consolidations and grade reconfigurations; the district directory and the state report card are the authoritative sources (Mississippi Department of Education).

Student–teacher ratios and graduation rates

• Student–teacher ratios: Reported ratios differ by school and year; Mississippi’s public-school staffing context and district-by-district staffing can be verified through MDE accountability/report-card materials (MDE accountability and reporting).
• Graduation rates: Mississippi publishes 4‑year adjusted cohort graduation rates at the district and school level through its accountability/report-card system; West Point Consolidated’s rate is reported there (same MDE link above).
  Because these indicators are updated annually and tied to state accountability files, district- and school-specific figures should be taken from the current MDE release rather than secondary summaries.

Adult educational attainment (county)

Adult attainment is reported through the U.S. Census Bureau’s American Community Survey (ACS). Clay County’s profile is characterized by:

• A large share with high school completion or equivalent as the most common terminal credential.
• A smaller share with a bachelor’s degree or higher than state and national averages.
  County-level percentages for high school diploma (or higher) and bachelor’s degree (or higher) are available in the ACS “Educational Attainment” tables for Clay County (U.S. Census Bureau data (data.census.gov)).

Notable programs (STEM, CTE, AP/dual enrollment)

Program offerings are typically organized at the high‑school level and may include:

• Career and Technical Education (CTE) pathways aligned to Mississippi’s CTE framework (health sciences, manufacturing, business/IT, and similar pathways are common in the region).
• Advanced Placement (AP) and/or dual enrollment/dual credit opportunities where staffing and course demand support them.
  The most reliable public documentation is the district’s academic/program pages and the state CTE framework information from MDE (Mississippi CTE (MDE)).

School safety measures and counseling resources

Mississippi districts generally implement a combination of:

• Controlled access/visitor check‑in procedures, student conduct codes, and collaboration with local law enforcement or school resource officers (where funded).
• Student support services including school counselors; some campuses also coordinate with community mental‑health providers.
  District safety plans and student-services staffing are typically documented in district handbooks and board policies posted by West Point Consolidated School District (district publications and policies).

Employment and Economic Conditions

Unemployment (most recent available)

Unemployment is tracked monthly by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS). The most recent county unemployment rate for Clay County is published in the LAUS series (BLS Local Area Unemployment Statistics).
Because LAUS is updated monthly and seasonally adjusted/non‑adjusted series differ, the latest official rate should be pulled from the current BLS release for Clay County.

Major industries and employment sectors

Clay County’s employment base reflects typical east‑Mississippi patterns:

• Manufacturing (including automotive supply chain activity in the broader region)
• Educational services, health care, and social assistance
• Retail trade
• Public administration
• Accommodation and food services
  Industry mix and counts are available via ACS “Industry by Occupation” and “Employment by Industry” tables for Clay County (ACS industry tables).

Common occupations and workforce breakdown

Common occupational groupings for residents include:

• Production, transportation, and material moving
• Office and administrative support
• Sales and related occupations
• Health care support/practitioners (smaller share)
• Education occupations (notably within the local public sector)
  The occupational distribution is reported in ACS occupation tables for Clay County (ACS occupation tables).

Commuting patterns and mean commute time

Clay County includes both locally employed residents (notably in education, health services, retail, and local government) and commuters to nearby employment centers in the Golden Triangle and across the Alabama line.

• Typical commuting mode: Predominantly driving alone in rural Mississippi counties, with limited fixed-route transit.
• Mean commute time: Reported by the ACS at the county level (“Mean travel time to work”). Clay County’s mean is published in ACS commuting tables (ACS commuting (travel time) tables).

Local employment vs. out‑of‑county work

The share working داخل vs. outside the county is captured by ACS “Place of Work” tables and by Census LEHD/OnTheMap commuting flows. Clay County commonly shows a meaningful out‑commuting component consistent with rural labor markets near regional job hubs (OnTheMap commuting flows (U.S. Census LEHD)).

Housing and Real Estate

Homeownership and renting

Clay County’s housing tenure typically reflects a majority owner‑occupied pattern common in rural Mississippi, alongside a substantial rental segment concentrated in and near West Point. Exact homeownership and renter shares are reported in ACS “Tenure” tables (ACS housing tenure tables).

Median property values and recent trends

• Median owner‑occupied home value: Published in ACS (median value for owner‑occupied housing units). Clay County’s median value is generally below U.S. median levels, reflecting lower land and structure costs in rural markets (ACS median home value tables).
• Trend context: Recent years have shown broad price appreciation across Mississippi following the 2020–2022 housing surge, with smaller rural counties often showing slower growth and higher sensitivity to interest rates. County‑specific appreciation rates are not directly produced by ACS; ACS provides rolling period medians rather than a monthly price index.

Typical rent prices

• Median gross rent: Available via ACS “Gross Rent” tables for Clay County (ACS rent tables). Rents are generally below U.S. medians, with the most comparable market behavior to other small‑metro/rural areas in northeast Mississippi.

Housing types and built environment

The county’s housing stock is dominated by:

• Single‑family detached homes and manufactured housing, especially outside West Point
• Small multifamily/apartment options mainly in town
• Rural lots and acreage properties with longer distances to services
  Housing structure type shares (single‑family, multifamily, mobile/manufactured) are reported in ACS “Units in Structure” tables (ACS units-in-structure tables).

Neighborhood characteristics and proximity to amenities

• West Point functions as the primary node for schools, grocery/retail, health services, and civic amenities.
• Outlying communities and unincorporated areas often involve longer travel times to schools and services, with housing oriented around highway access and larger parcels.

Property tax overview (rate and typical homeowner cost)

Mississippi property taxes are administered at the county level using assessed value rules set by state law; effective rates are low relative to many U.S. states, with tax bills varying substantially by municipality, school district millage, and exemptions (notably homestead).

• The most comparable countywide measure is median real estate taxes paid, published in ACS (owner‑occupied housing units with taxes). Clay County’s median annual property tax payment is available there (ACS property tax tables).
• Millage rates and assessment details are maintained locally through the county tax assessor/collector functions and Mississippi Department of Revenue property tax administration references (Mississippi Department of Revenue).