Oneida County

Oneida County is located in southeastern Idaho along the Utah state line, west of the Wyoming border. Created in 1864 and named for the Oneida people, it was one of Idaho’s earliest counties and later contributed territory to several neighboring counties as the region was subdivided. The county is small in population, with roughly 4,500 residents, and is characterized by a predominantly rural settlement pattern. Malad City serves as the county seat and principal population center.

The landscape includes broad valleys and surrounding mountain ranges within the northern Great Basin, with agriculture and ranching forming a central part of the local economy; hay, grain, and livestock production are common. Outdoor recreation and cross-border commuting also play roles in daily life. The area retains a strong regional identity shaped by long-established farming communities and nearby small towns, with cultural ties reflecting the broader traditions of southeastern Idaho and northern Utah.

Oneida County is a rural county in southeastern Idaho along the Utah border, within the Intermountain West. The county seat is Malad City; for local government and planning resources, visit the Oneida County official website.

Population Size

According to the U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts for Oneida County, Idaho, the county’s population was 4,315 (2020 Census).
The U.S. Census Bureau also provides annual population estimates through QuickFacts (displayed on the same page under “Population estimates”).

Age & Gender

According to the U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts for Oneida County, Idaho (American Community Survey 5-year estimates as shown on QuickFacts):

• Under age 18: value shown on QuickFacts
• Age 65 and over: value shown on QuickFacts
• Female persons: value shown on QuickFacts
• Male persons: can be derived as the remainder (100% minus female percentage), but QuickFacts reports only the female share directly

Exact age-bracket detail beyond the QuickFacts summary (e.g., 5-year age bands) is available through county tables in the American Community Survey via Census Bureau data tools.

Racial & Ethnic Composition

According to the U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts for Oneida County, Idaho (ACS 5-year estimates as shown on QuickFacts), the page reports the county shares for:

• White alone
• Black or African American alone
• American Indian and Alaska Native alone
• Asian alone
• Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone
• Two or more races
• Hispanic or Latino (of any race)

These percentages are presented directly in the QuickFacts demographic section for the county.

Household Data

According to the U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts for Oneida County, Idaho (ACS 5-year estimates as shown on QuickFacts), household and related indicators available at the county level include:

• Households (count)
• Persons per household
• Owner-occupied housing unit rate
• Median value of owner-occupied housing units
• Median selected monthly owner costs (with a mortgage / without a mortgage)
• Median gross rent
• Building permits (where reported on QuickFacts)

Housing Stock

According to the U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts for Oneida County, Idaho, housing stock measures available at the county level include:

• Housing units (count)
• Owner-occupied housing unit rate
• Selected housing cost and value measures (as listed above)

All figures referenced above are published by the U.S. Census Bureau on the county QuickFacts page, drawing from the 2020 Census and the American Community Survey 5-year estimates (as labeled within QuickFacts).

Oneida County, Idaho is sparsely populated and largely rural, so long distances between homes, mountainous terrain, and fewer last‑mile providers can constrain reliable household internet service and make email access more dependent on available fixed broadband or mobile coverage.

Direct, county-level email usage statistics are not generally published; broadband and device access serve as the main proxies for likely email adoption. The most commonly used indicators are household broadband subscription and computer ownership reported in the American Community Survey via the U.S. Census Bureau’s data portal (table series on “Computer and Internet Use”). These measures track the capacity to use email at home and are more directly comparable over time than platform-specific metrics.

Age structure influences email adoption because older adults are less likely to adopt or use online communication frequently; county age composition can be referenced through ACS age distributions. Gender distribution is generally less predictive of email access than age and connectivity, and is mainly relevant as a contextual demographic descriptor.

Connectivity limitations in rural counties often include limited fiber/cable availability, reliance on DSL, fixed wireless, or satellite, and coverage gaps; infrastructure context is summarized in FCC National Broadband Map availability layers.

Oneida County is a sparsely populated, largely rural county in southeastern Idaho along the Utah border, with communities such as Malad City and significant areas of open rangeland and mountain terrain. Low population density, long distances between settlements, and topography (valleys and ridgelines) tend to concentrate strong mobile service near town centers and highway corridors while increasing the likelihood of coverage gaps in remote areas.

Mobile penetration and access indicators (adoption)

County-level “mobile phone penetration” is not typically published as a single statistic. The most comparable public indicators are household telephone service measures and broadband subscription measures.

• Household telephone access (includes mobile-only and mixed service)

  • The U.S. Census Bureau’s American Community Survey (ACS) publishes household telephone service characteristics (including wireless-only and combinations) at geographies where sample sizes support release. Oneida County data availability can vary by year and table due to sampling and disclosure controls. The relevant source is the ACS telephone service tables accessed via data.census.gov (search terms commonly used include “telephone service,” “Oneida County, Idaho,” and “ACS”).
  • Limitation: In small counties, margins of error can be large, and some detailed breakdowns may be suppressed or only available at broader geographies.

• Internet subscription (home adoption, not coverage)

  • ACS also reports household internet subscription types (cellular data plan, cable, DSL, fiber, satellite, etc.) and device access in many areas through tables accessible at data.census.gov.
  • These measures represent household adoption (whether households report subscribing/using), which is distinct from whether a network is technically available in the area.

• Program-based adoption signals

  • Enrollment-based indicators (for example, areas eligible for affordability programs) can provide indirect adoption context but are not a direct measure of mobile phone usage. For broadband planning context in Idaho, statewide resources are commonly centralized through the Idaho Broadband Office.
  • Limitation: Program participation is not equivalent to countywide mobile adoption rates.

Network availability vs. household adoption (clear distinction)

• Network availability describes where mobile providers report having service (coverage footprint) and what technology is available (4G LTE, 5G variants).
• Household adoption describes whether residents actually subscribe to mobile service or use mobile data plans, which depends on affordability, device ownership, and perceived utility in addition to coverage.

Public reporting usually provides stronger county- and sub-county detail for availability than for adoption, especially in small rural counties.

Mobile internet usage patterns and connectivity (4G/5G availability)

• 4G LTE and 5G coverage reporting

  • The most widely used public source for U.S. mobile coverage availability is the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) mobile broadband coverage data and mapping tools. FCC coverage layers are available through the FCC National Broadband Map, which provides address- and area-based views of reported mobile broadband availability by technology and provider.
  • The FCC’s underlying Broadband Data Collection (BDC) methodology and data descriptions are published by the FCC and are central for interpreting reported coverage, including important notes on how coverage is modeled and reported: FCC Broadband Data Collection.

• Typical rural availability pattern (reported coverage vs. user experience)

  • In rural counties such as Oneida, reported 4G LTE coverage often aligns with populated places and transportation corridors, while coverage reliability can decrease in mountainous or sparsely settled areas.
  • 5G availability in rural areas is commonly more limited than LTE and may be concentrated near towns and higher-traffic routes, depending on provider deployments.
  • Limitation: The FCC map reflects provider-reported availability and modeled propagation. It does not directly measure on-the-ground performance (speed, latency, indoor coverage) or actual usage rates in Oneida County.

• Performance and measurement data

  • Independent speed-test aggregations and crowd-sourced signal maps exist, but they are not official statistics and may be biased toward locations where users run tests. For definitive public-sector sources, the FCC map remains the primary nationwide reference for availability, while performance measurement at county scale is less standardized.

Common device types (smartphones vs. other devices)

• County-level device-type usage is limited

  • County-specific distributions of smartphones vs. feature phones vs. hotspots/tablets are generally not published as official county statistics. Device ownership is most often tracked via national surveys, proprietary carrier data, or market research datasets.

• Publicly available proxies

  • ACS includes measures related to computing devices and internet access in the household (such as smartphone, tablet, computer), accessible via data.census.gov. When available for Oneida County, these tables can indicate the prevalence of smartphone access as one way households access the internet.
  • Limitation: ACS device questions relate to household access and internet use, not exclusively to mobile network usage, and do not distinguish feature phones in the same way that telecom market datasets do.

Demographic and geographic factors influencing mobile usage and connectivity

• Population density and settlement pattern

  • Low density increases per-user infrastructure costs and reduces the number of cell sites needed for dense urban capacity, often resulting in larger cell footprints and more variable signal strength away from towers.
  • County population and density context are available through the U.S. Census Bureau’s geography and profile tools via Census.gov and data.census.gov.

• Terrain and land cover

  • Mountainous terrain and intervening ridgelines can block line-of-sight propagation, producing coverage shadows even where a county is broadly shown as “covered.” Valleys may have better service near towers but weaker reception behind terrain features.

• Transportation corridors and community hubs

  • Mobile infrastructure and reported strong coverage commonly concentrate near highways, towns, and areas with consistent demand (schools, government services, healthcare facilities), while remote agricultural/ranch lands may have fewer sites.

• Socioeconomic factors (adoption, not availability)

  • Household adoption of mobile data plans and smartphone-based internet access can be influenced by income, age distribution, and housing characteristics. These factors are measured in ACS demographic and economic tables on data.census.gov.
  • Limitation: While these variables can be measured for Oneida County, direct causal links to mobile usage intensity are not reported as official county statistics.

Data limitations at the county level (what is and is not available)

• Availability (strongest public county/sub-county data): FCC mobile coverage and technology availability via the FCC National Broadband Map.
• Adoption (available but sometimes statistically noisy): ACS household internet subscription and device access tables via data.census.gov, with potentially large margins of error for small counties.
• Usage intensity and device mix (weak public county data): No standard, authoritative county-level statistics routinely report smartphone vs. feature phone shares, on-network mobile data consumption, or precise 4G/5G usage splits for Oneida County. Such metrics are typically proprietary (carriers, analytics firms) or only available at broader geographies.

For local planning references and county context (geography, services, and community profile), the county’s official information is typically maintained through the Oneida County, Idaho website, while statewide broadband planning resources are consolidated through the Idaho Broadband Office.

Oneida County is a small, rural county in southeastern Idaho along the Utah border, with Malad City as the county seat. The area’s dispersed settlement pattern, agriculture and local services economy, and proximity to regional hubs in the Intermountain West tend to align social media use with broader U.S. rural trends (mobile-first access, higher Facebook usage, and comparatively lower adoption of some newer platforms than urban areas).

User statistics (penetration / active use)

• Local (county-specific) social media penetration: No major public dataset provides platform usage rates at the county level for Oneida County specifically. County-level measurement typically requires proprietary panels or custom survey work.
• Best-available benchmark (U.S. adults): About 72% of U.S. adults report using at least one social media site (Pew Research Center). Source: Pew Research Center: Social Media Fact Sheet.
• Rural context benchmark: Pew regularly reports differences by community type; rural adults generally report lower overall adoption than urban/suburban adults, with stronger concentration on long-established platforms (notably Facebook). Source: Pew social media use by community type (tables in the fact sheet).

Age group trends (who uses social media most)

• Highest usage: Adults ages 18–29 consistently show the highest social media use across platforms in national surveys.
• Middle usage: Ages 30–49 remain high across multiple platforms, typically second-highest overall.
• Lower usage: Ages 50–64 and 65+ show lower overall adoption, but comparatively higher reliance on Facebook versus other platforms.
• Source: Pew Research Center: Social Media Fact Sheet (usage by age).

Gender breakdown

• Overall pattern: Nationally, differences by gender vary by platform more than in “any social media” usage.
  • Women are more likely than men to use Facebook, Instagram, Pinterest, and (in many survey waves) TikTok.
  • Men are more likely than women to use YouTube and Reddit (platform-level patterns).
• Source: Pew Research Center: Social Media Fact Sheet (usage by gender).

Most-used platforms (percent using each platform)

County-specific platform shares are not published in major public sources; the most defensible approach is to cite national platform penetration as a proxy baseline, with rural areas often skewing toward Facebook and YouTube.

Using Pew’s U.S. adult benchmarks:

• YouTube: ~83% of U.S. adults use it.
• Facebook: ~68%
• Instagram: ~47%
• Pinterest: ~35%
• TikTok: ~33%
• LinkedIn: ~30%
• X (formerly Twitter): ~22%
• Snapchat: ~27%
• Reddit: ~22%
• Source: Pew Research Center platform usage estimates.

Behavioral trends (engagement patterns / preferences)

• Video-centric consumption dominates: High YouTube reach indicates broad use for how-to content, entertainment, and local/national news clips; this pattern is especially consistent in areas where mobile access is central. Source: Pew platform usage (YouTube reach).
• Facebook as a community utility: In rural counties, Facebook commonly functions as a multipurpose channel for local groups, community announcements, classifieds, and event coordination; this corresponds to Facebook’s relatively high penetration among older adults and rural users reported by Pew. Source: Pew demographic breakdowns for Facebook.
• Platform stacking by age: Younger adults tend to “stack” multiple platforms (Instagram/TikTok/Snapchat plus YouTube), while older adults are more likely to concentrate usage on Facebook and YouTube. Source: Pew usage by age across platforms.
• News and information behavior: Social platforms are widely used as a news pathway for many adults, though patterns differ by platform (Facebook and YouTube often rank high as news sources in national studies). Source: Pew Research Center: Social Media and News Fact Sheet.

Oneida County, Idaho, maintains family and associate-related public records through county offices and the State of Idaho. Vital events (birth and death) are recorded by the Idaho Bureau of Vital Records and Health Statistics; certified copies are issued by the state rather than the county. The county maintains property and recording records, marriage licenses, and some court-related records that can document family relationships.

Public-facing databases commonly include recorded real property documents and tax/assessment information. Recorded documents (deeds, mortgages, liens, etc.) are available through the Oneida County Recorder’s office and may be searchable online or by request; access points are listed on the Oneida County, Idaho official website. Parcel, valuation, and ownership information is typically provided through the county assessor; links and contact information are generally published on the county site.

Court records that may reflect family or associate relationships (probate estates, civil cases, some family-law filings) are handled by the District Court/Clerk of the Court, with statewide court information available via Idaho Supreme Court resources.

Privacy restrictions apply to many records. Idaho vital records are not fully public; access to birth and death certificates is restricted and governed by state rules. Adoption records are generally sealed, with access limited under state law. Some court filings may be confidential or redacted, and recorded documents may exclude sensitive identifiers under applicable policies.

Types of records available

• Marriage licenses (and marriage certificates/returns)
  Oneida County issues marriage licenses through the county recorder’s office. After the ceremony, the officiant completes the license “return,” which is filed with the recorder to create the county’s official marriage record.

• Divorce records (case files and decrees of divorce)
  Divorces are handled as civil court cases. The court record typically includes the case file and the final Decree of Divorce (also called a judgment or decree).

• Annulments (decrees of annulment)
  Annulments are also civil court actions. The court record typically includes the case file and the final Decree/Judgment of Annulment.

• State vital records copies
  In addition to county and court files, Idaho maintains statewide indexes and issues certified copies of vital records through the Idaho Bureau of Vital Records and Health Statistics.

Where records are filed and how they can be accessed

• Marriage records (county level)

  • Filed/maintained by: Oneida County Recorder (marriage license applications and completed marriage returns).
  • Access: Requests are commonly handled through the recorder’s office. Certified copies are typically issued to eligible requesters under Idaho law.
  • Reference: Oneida County Recorder information is available via the county website: https://www.oneidacountyid.gov/

• Divorce and annulment records (court level)

  • Filed/maintained by: Oneida County District Court (part of Idaho’s judicial branch). The clerk’s office maintains the official case file, including the final decree.
  • Access: Court records may be available for inspection or copying through the clerk of the district court, subject to court rules and any sealing/redaction orders.
  • State court information: https://isc.idaho.gov/

• Statewide vital records (state level)

  • Filed/maintained by: Idaho Bureau of Vital Records and Health Statistics (marriage and divorce/annulment certificates at the state level).
  • Access: Certified copies are issued by the state to eligible requesters, with identity and fee requirements.
  • Reference: https://healthandwelfare.idaho.gov/services-programs/birth-marriage-death-records

Typical information included in these records

• Marriage license/record

  • Full names of both parties (including maiden name where applicable)
  • Date and place of marriage (county/city/venue as recorded)
  • Date the license was issued and license number
  • Officiant’s name/title and signature
  • Witness information (when recorded)
  • Parties’ ages/birth information and residences as listed on the application (specific fields vary by form and time period)

• Divorce decree (final judgment)

  • Court name, county, case number, and filing/judgment dates
  • Names of the parties
  • Findings/orders terminating the marriage
  • Terms on property division, debt allocation, and spousal maintenance (when applicable)
  • Orders on child custody, parenting time, and child support (when applicable)
  • Restoration of a former name (when granted)

• Annulment decree

  • Court name, county, case number, and filing/judgment dates
  • Names of the parties
  • Finding that the marriage is void or voidable under Idaho law and the court’s orders
  • Any related orders involving property, support, or children, depending on the case

Privacy or legal restrictions

• Marriage records (vital records restrictions)

  • Idaho treats certified vital-record copies as restricted to eligible requesters. Access to certified marriage records is limited by state law and typically requires acceptable identification and payment of statutory fees.
  • Non-certified informational copies and historical access depend on state and local practices and on the specific record requested.

• Divorce and annulment court records

  • Idaho court records are generally accessible as public records, but confidential or sealed materials (for example, certain documents involving minors, sensitive personal identifiers, or records sealed by court order) are not publicly available.
  • Personal identifiers (such as Social Security numbers) are subject to redaction rules in court filings and copies.
  • Some statewide “divorce certificates” issued by the vital records office may contain limited indexed information compared with the full court case file and decree.

• Governing authorities

  • Restrictions and access procedures are governed by Idaho vital records statutes and Idaho court rules/policies administered by the Idaho Supreme Court and local court administration.

Oneida County is a rural county in southeastern Idaho along the Utah border, with Malad City as the county seat and primary service center. The county’s population is small and dispersed across Malad Valley and surrounding rangelands, with community life centered on K–12 schools, county services, agriculture-related activity, and regional commuting to larger labor markets in neighboring counties and across the state line.

Education Indicators

Public schools (counts and names)

Public K–12 education in Oneida County is provided primarily through Oneida County School District #351 (Malad area). School name lists are most consistently available via district and state directories; commonly listed district schools include:

• Malad Elementary School
• Malad Middle School
• Malad High School

A current official directory reference is maintained through the Idaho State Department of Education school/district listings (Idaho State Department of Education). (School counts and exact naming conventions can vary by directory year due to grade reconfigurations.)

Student–teacher ratios and graduation rates

• Student–teacher ratio: County-level ratios are typically reported through federal and state summaries rather than as a single district-certified statistic. The most consistent “all schools” ratio proxies are published in U.S. Census Bureau profile products and education datasets for small counties (U.S. Census Bureau data portal).
• Graduation rate: Idaho publishes high school graduation rates annually, generally at the district and high school level; Oneida County’s outcome is most accurately represented by the Malad High School / Oneida District published results. The statewide accountability and graduation reporting is available via the Idaho SDE accountability reporting pages (Idaho SDE Accountability).
  Note: For small districts, year-to-year graduation rate values can fluctuate materially due to small cohort sizes; district-published rates are the appropriate reference.

Adult education levels

Adult attainment is most consistently available from the American Community Survey (ACS) county estimates:

• High school diploma (or higher), age 25+: Reported in ACS “Educational Attainment” tables for Oneida County.
• Bachelor’s degree (or higher), age 25+: Also reported in ACS educational attainment tables.

County educational attainment can be referenced and downloaded through the ACS county profile and table views on data.census.gov (ACS 5‑year estimates are typically the most reliable for sparsely populated counties).

Notable programs (STEM, CTE, AP, dual credit)

Program availability in rural Idaho districts commonly includes:

• Career Technical Education (CTE) pathways aligned to Idaho’s secondary CTE framework (agriculture, business/marketing, family & consumer sciences, and skilled trades are common in rural districts), supported through the state’s CTE system (Idaho Career & Technical Education).
• Dual credit / early college participation through Idaho’s statewide advanced opportunities funding structure (used for dual credit, AP/IB, or career-technical courses), administered at the state level (Idaho Advanced Opportunities).
• Advanced Placement (AP): Availability is typically limited in very small high schools and varies by year; district course catalogs and Idaho SDE advanced opportunities reporting provide the best confirmation.

School safety measures and counseling resources

Idaho districts generally operate within statewide requirements for:

• Emergency operations planning, drills, visitor controls, and school resource coordination (implemented locally; frameworks and requirements are informed by state guidance).
• Student support services, including school counseling (often shared across grade bands in small districts) and referral pathways to regional behavioral health providers. Statewide school safety and student support resources are coordinated through Idaho education and health partners; district-published handbooks and annual notices are the most definitive local source for the specific measures used in Oneida County schools.

Employment and Economic Conditions

Unemployment rate (most recent year available)

The most comparable unemployment figures for small counties come from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) series (annual average and monthly). Oneida County’s most recent published values are available via BLS and Idaho Department of Labor county labor force pages:

• BLS Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS)
• Idaho Department of Labor

Note: In small labor markets, unemployment rates are more volatile and are best interpreted using annual averages rather than single months.

Major industries and employment sectors

Oneida County’s economy is typically characterized by:

• Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting (including crop and livestock activity in the Malad Valley area)
• Local government and education (school district, county services)
• Retail trade and health/social assistance (small-town service sectors)
• Construction and transportation/warehousing (regional demand and seasonal activity)

County industry composition and employment counts are commonly summarized in:

• ACS “Industry by occupation” and “Class of worker” tables on data.census.gov
• BLS/QCEW employer statistics (often suppressed in very small counties for confidentiality) via Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages

Common occupations and workforce breakdown

In rural southeastern Idaho counties, common occupation groups generally include:

• Management, business, and financial
• Sales and office
• Service occupations
• Construction and extraction
• Production, transportation, and material moving
• Farming, fishing, and forestry (higher share than urban counties)

The most consistent county-level occupation distribution is provided by ACS occupation tables (5‑year estimates) on data.census.gov.

Commuting patterns and mean commute time

• Mean commute time and commuting mode shares (drive alone, carpool, etc.) are reported by the ACS for Oneida County. Rural counties typically have high “drive alone” shares and limited public transit.
• Out‑of‑county commuting: For small counties, a meaningful share of residents often work outside the county in nearby employment centers. The most direct “where workers work vs. where they live” measures are available through the Census Bureau’s LEHD/OnTheMap tools.

Key references:

• ACS commuting characteristics on data.census.gov
• Census OnTheMap (LEHD) for inflow/outflow commuting patterns

Housing and Real Estate

Homeownership rate and rental share

Homeownership and rental shares are reported in ACS tenure tables. Rural Idaho counties generally have higher owner-occupancy than urban counties, with rentals concentrated in the county seat and limited multifamily stock. The definitive Oneida County tenure estimates are available through ACS housing tables on data.census.gov.

Median property values and recent trends

• Median owner-occupied home value is available from ACS (5‑year estimates provide more stable county figures).
• Trend context (proxy): Southeastern Idaho experienced notable home value growth during 2020–2022, followed by slower growth/plateauing in many rural markets as interest rates increased; this is a regional proxy and not a county-specific price index.

Primary sources:

• ACS home value tables on data.census.gov
• Transaction-based trend context for Idaho is commonly summarized by statewide market reports (methodologies vary; ACS remains the consistent county benchmark for medians).

Typical rent prices

• Median gross rent is reported by ACS for Oneida County; small-sample rental markets can produce wider margins of error.
• Rental supply is typically limited, with more units in Malad City and fewer formal rentals in outlying areas.

ACS rent tables are accessible via data.census.gov.

Types of housing

The county’s housing stock is predominantly:

• Single-family detached homes (largest share)
• Manufactured homes/mobile homes (commonly a significant share in rural Idaho)
• Small multifamily buildings and apartments (concentrated in Malad City)
• Rural lots and farm/ranch residences outside incorporated areas

Housing unit structure type distributions are available in ACS “Units in structure” tables on data.census.gov.

Neighborhood characteristics (proximity to schools/amenities)

• Malad City contains the most concentrated access to schools, clinics, grocery/retail, parks, and county services, with typical residential neighborhoods within short driving distance of the K–12 campus facilities.
• Outside Malad City, housing tends to be low-density rural residential with longer drive times to schools and amenities, and more dependence on private vehicles.

Property tax overview (rate and typical cost)

Idaho property taxes are administered locally with rates varying by taxing district (schools, county, city, and special districts). County-level effective property tax burden is most comparably summarized using:

• ACS median real estate taxes paid (owner-occupied housing units) and housing value tables on data.census.gov
• Administrative context and levy information through the Idaho State Tax Commission (Idaho State Tax Commission)

Note: A single “average tax rate” is not uniform countywide due to overlapping taxing districts and exemptions; ACS median taxes paid is the most consistent countywide proxy for typical homeowner costs.