Idaho County is located in north-central Idaho, extending from the Camas Prairie and Salmon River canyon country north toward the Clearwater River basin. It is one of the state’s largest counties by area and includes extensive mountainous and forested terrain within the Northern Rockies, with significant public lands. The county was established in 1864 during the Idaho Territory period, reflecting the region’s early mining and frontier-era settlement patterns. Idaho County is rural in character and has a small population, with most residents concentrated in a few towns and unincorporated communities. The economy has historically been tied to natural resources, including forestry, ranching, and associated services, alongside government and tourism-related employment connected to outdoor recreation. The landscape features deep river valleys, rugged mountains, and large tracts of conifer forest. The county seat is Grangeville.

Idaho County Local Demographic Profile

Idaho County is a large, predominantly rural county in north-central Idaho, extending from the Camas Prairie near Grangeville to the wilderness landscapes along the Salmon River. The county seat is Grangeville, and the county includes the city of Riggins and extensive public lands managed by state and federal agencies.

Population Size

According to the U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts for Idaho County, Idaho, the county’s population was 17,929 (2020).

Age & Gender

Exact county-level age distribution (standard age brackets) and a male/female gender ratio are not provided in the Census Bureau’s QuickFacts profile for Idaho County. For authoritative county-level age and sex tables, use the U.S. Census Bureau’s data portal and select Idaho County geography (e.g., ACS “Age and Sex” tables such as DP05): data.census.gov.

Racial & Ethnic Composition

The U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts profile for Idaho County provides race and Hispanic/Latino origin shares (some categories reported as “alone” and “two or more races”), including:

  • White alone: 90.9%
  • Black or African American alone: 0.3%
  • American Indian and Alaska Native alone: 1.7%
  • Asian alone: 0.4%
  • Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone: 0.1%
  • Two or more races: 6.6%
  • Hispanic or Latino (of any race): 5.2%

Household & Housing Data

From the U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts profile for Idaho County:

  • Households (2019–2023): 7,161
  • Persons per household (2019–2023): 2.37
  • Owner-occupied housing unit rate (2019–2023): 76.3%
  • Median value of owner-occupied housing units (2019–2023, in 2023 dollars): $265,200
  • Median selected monthly owner costs—mortgage (2019–2023): $1,439
  • Median selected monthly owner costs—without mortgage (2019–2023): $457
  • Median gross rent (2019–2023): $810
  • Building permits (2023): 37

For local government and planning resources, visit the Idaho County official website.

Email Usage

Idaho County is large and mountainous with many remote communities, so low population density and terrain increase the cost and complexity of last‑mile network buildout, shaping day‑to‑day reliance on email and other online communication.

Direct county-level email usage rates are not published in standard federal datasets; the most defensible proxies are household broadband subscription and computer availability from the U.S. Census Bureau (data.census.gov) and related tables. Lower broadband subscription or limited computer access generally constrains routine email access, especially for households without always-on home internet.

Age structure also influences email adoption. Older age groups tend to have lower rates of new digital service uptake and may rely more on assisted access (libraries, family members), while working-age residents with steady connectivity are more likely to use email for employment, school, and services. Idaho County’s age distribution can be referenced through U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts for Idaho County.

Gender composition is available via QuickFacts but is not a primary predictor of email access compared with age and connectivity.

Connectivity limitations are commonly tied to rural infrastructure gaps documented in FCC broadband availability reporting such as the FCC National Broadband Map.

Mobile Phone Usage

Introduction (context for connectivity)

Idaho County is a large, predominantly rural county in north-central Idaho, covering extensive mountainous and forested terrain (including portions of the Salmon River canyons and national forest lands) and small, widely separated population centers such as Grangeville and Riggins. Low population density, significant elevation changes, deep river corridors, and large areas of public land are structural factors that commonly limit cellular coverage continuity and backhaul options compared with Idaho’s urban corridor (Boise–Nampa–Meridian). Basic county geography and governance context is available via the Idaho County official website.

Network availability (coverage) vs. household adoption (use)

Network availability describes where mobile networks (voice/LTE/5G) are advertised as present by providers or mapped by federal/state programs.
Household adoption describes whether residents subscribe to and use mobile service and mobile broadband, which can lag coverage because of cost, device ownership, signal quality indoors, and limited plan options.

County-level usage/adoption statistics are not consistently published at the same granularity as coverage maps. The most defensible county-specific statements generally rely on federal surveys and modeled estimates rather than direct measurement.

Mobile penetration and access indicators (adoption)

County-level adoption indicators (most comparable public measures)

  • Primary data source for household connectivity: The U.S. Census Bureau’s American Community Survey (ACS) provides “computer and internet use” measures, including the share of households with an internet subscription and the type of subscription (including cellular data plan). The ACS is the standard reference for adoption but is survey-based and subject to margins of error, especially in rural counties. See the Census Bureau’s program page for American Community Survey (ACS) and the table framework described under Computer and Internet Use.
  • Interpretation limitations for Idaho County: ACS tables can be queried for county geographies, but small sample sizes can widen uncertainty; results represent household subscription status rather than measured mobile performance or coverage at a specific address.

State and federal broadband adoption context (not uniquely county-specific)

  • The NTIA BroadbandUSA program and Idaho’s broadband planning resources provide statewide context for broadband adoption challenges in rural regions, but do not consistently publish county-by-county mobile adoption metrics with the same rigor as ACS.

Mobile internet usage patterns and connectivity (4G/5G availability)

Coverage mapping sources (availability, not adoption)

  • FCC Broadband Data Collection (BDC): The FCC publishes provider-reported broadband availability, including mobile broadband coverage. This is the primary federal source for granular coverage claims. Refer to the FCC National Broadband Map and related documentation at the FCC Broadband Data Collection.
  • State mapping and planning: Idaho’s state broadband office and statewide mapping initiatives are additional references for interpreting gaps in rural regions. See the Idaho Department of Commerce (state economic and community development agency that hosts broadband-related programs and planning materials).

4G LTE vs. 5G (availability patterns in rural terrain)

  • 4G LTE: In rural mountainous counties, LTE is typically the most widespread mobile broadband layer due to longer-range propagation on lower-frequency bands and the long-established LTE network footprint. LTE coverage in Idaho County is generally expected to concentrate along highways, populated valleys, and towns, with weaker or absent signal in remote forest and canyon areas. Definitive, location-specific availability is best represented by the FCC BDC mobile layers rather than countywide generalizations.
  • 5G: Rural 5G availability often arrives first as “low-band” 5G overlays on existing macro towers and may not be continuous across rugged terrain. “Mid-band” and “mmWave” 5G, which can provide higher speeds, is typically concentrated in denser population areas and is less common in large, sparsely populated counties. The FCC map is the most neutral way to distinguish where providers report 5G coverage in Idaho County.

Performance vs. availability

Provider-reported availability indicates where service is claimed to be offered, not guaranteed indoor reception, real-world speeds, or reliability. Terrain-driven shadowing, canyon walls, and distance from towers can significantly affect actual user experience even inside mapped coverage areas. Publicly available performance datasets at the county level are limited and are not a substitute for address-level field testing.

Common device types (smartphones vs. other devices)

What can be stated from standard public statistics

  • The ACS measures device ownership at the household level (desktop/laptop/tablet) and internet subscription type (including cellular data plans), but does not provide a direct county-level breakdown of “smartphone vs. feature phone” ownership. As a result, smartphone prevalence in Idaho County specifically is not reliably quantifiable from a single official county dataset.
  • Nationally and statewide, smartphones are the dominant mobile internet access device, while fixed wireless routers/hotspots and tablets are also used in rural areas; however, county-specific device-type shares for Idaho County are generally not available from official public sources in a consistent time series.

Practical proxy indicators (with limitations)

  • Households reporting cellular-data-plan subscriptions in ACS tables serve as a proxy for mobile broadband reliance, but they do not specify whether the plan is used on a smartphone, hotspot device, or a tablet with a SIM. This limits precision on “common device types” at the county scale.

Demographic and geographic factors influencing mobile usage

Geography and land use

  • Mountainous terrain and deep river corridors: These create coverage shadows and reduce line-of-sight, increasing the number of sites required for continuous service and raising deployment cost per resident.
  • Large areas of public land: National forest and other public lands can reduce the density of commercially viable tower sites and complicate backhaul and permitting in remote locations, affecting coverage away from towns and highways.

Settlement pattern and population density

  • Dispersed rural settlement: Lower housing density typically reduces the business case for dense cellular infrastructure. Service is often strongest in incorporated places and along primary transportation routes, with gaps in remote areas.

Socioeconomic factors (adoption rather than availability)

  • Income and age distributions influence household adoption of mobile broadband plans and smartphone replacement cycles. These factors are measurable through ACS demographic profiles, but tying them directly to mobile adoption in Idaho County requires careful use of ACS tables and margins of error. Official demographic profiles are available through the Census Bureau’s data tools and ACS documentation (see data.census.gov and ACS).

Data limitations and what is county-specific vs. modeled

  • County-specific adoption: Best sourced from ACS household subscription and device questions; results are survey estimates with uncertainty, especially in rural counties.
  • County-specific availability: Best sourced from FCC BDC mobile coverage layers; these are provider-reported and can overstate real-world usability in challenging terrain.
  • Smartphone vs. feature phone prevalence: Not consistently available at the county level from official public datasets; statements about device mix in Idaho County should be treated as unavailable unless derived from proprietary market research or local surveys not maintained as standard references.

Social Media Trends

Idaho County is a large, predominantly rural county in north‑central Idaho that includes communities such as Grangeville, Kooskia, and Riggins, and extensive public lands along the Salmon and Clearwater river corridors. Its economy and daily life are closely tied to agriculture, forestry, outdoor recreation, and government services, with long travel distances between towns and uneven broadband availability—factors that tend to increase reliance on mobile-first social use while also limiting participation where connectivity is weak.

User statistics (penetration/active use)

Age group trends

National survey patterns provide the best available proxy for age-skew in Idaho County:

  • Highest usage: Ages 18–29 have the highest overall social media adoption (consistently the top-using group across platforms). Source: Pew Research Center.
  • Broad participation through midlife: Ages 30–49 remain high users across major platforms, though platform mix shifts away from youth-dominant apps. Source: Pew Research Center.
  • Lower adoption among older adults: Ages 65+ show the lowest overall usage rates, with stronger concentration on a smaller set of platforms. Source: Pew Research Center.

Gender breakdown

  • Overall social media use: Differences by gender are generally modest at the “any social media” level in national surveys. Source: Pew Research Center.
  • Platform-specific skews (U.S. adults):
    • Pinterest skews female.
    • Reddit skews male.
    • Several major platforms (notably YouTube and Facebook) tend to be closer to parity. Source: Pew Research Center.

Most-used platforms (percent of U.S. adults; best available benchmark)

Pew Research Center reports the following shares of U.S. adults who use each platform:

Behavioral trends (engagement patterns and preferences)

  • Video-centric consumption is dominant: With YouTube as the most widely used platform among U.S. adults, social media behavior is strongly shaped by video viewing and sharing. Source: Pew Research Center.
  • Platform choice tends to follow life stage:
    • Younger adults concentrate more on Instagram, TikTok, and Snapchat, which are associated with higher-frequency, short-form content and messaging behaviors.
    • Older adults are more concentrated on Facebook and YouTube, with more emphasis on community updates, local groups, and longer-form viewing. Source: Pew Research Center.
  • Rural engagement is more connectivity-dependent: In rural counties such as Idaho County, inconsistent fixed broadband access increases the importance of mobile coverage and can reduce high-bandwidth behaviors (e.g., HD livestreaming) relative to better-connected areas. Source: Pew Research Center broadband/internet fact sheet.
  • Local-information use cases are prominent in rural areas: Community announcements, wildfire and weather updates, road conditions, school activities, and outdoor-recreation networks commonly align with higher reliance on Facebook pages/groups and video explainers on YouTube, reflecting typical rural information flows described in national research on social and digital media use. Source: Pew Research Center.

Family & Associates Records

Idaho County, Idaho maintains family and associate-related public records through county offices and the State of Idaho. Vital records (birth and death certificates) are created and held at the state level by the Idaho Bureau of Vital Records and Health Statistics; these records are not public and are released only under state eligibility rules. Idaho County records office functions include recording and indexing documents that establish relationships or household/associate ties, such as marriage licenses, divorce-related filings recorded as judgments, deeds, mortgages, liens, and other instruments affecting property and legal status, maintained by the Idaho County Recorder. Court case files (family, probate/guardianship, civil, and criminal matters) are maintained by the Idaho County District Court (Idaho Courts). Adoption records are generally sealed under Idaho law and are not available as public records.

Online access includes the statewide Idaho iCourt Portal for many case registers and documents, subject to redaction and access limits. Recorded land records and indexes are typically accessed through the Recorder’s office; available online options vary by document type and vendor. In-person access is available at the Recorder and Clerk of the District Court offices in Grangeville during business hours.

Privacy restrictions commonly apply to vital records, adoption files, certain juvenile and confidential court matters, and personally identifying information subject to statutory redaction.

Marriage & Divorce Records

Types of records available in Idaho County, Idaho

  • Marriage records

    • Marriage license and marriage certificate (county record): Issued by the county for couples intending to marry in Idaho. After the ceremony, the officiant returns the completed license for recording, creating the county marriage record.
    • Certified copies/extracts: The county can provide certified copies of the recorded marriage record maintained locally.
  • Divorce records

    • Divorce case file (district court record): Includes the divorce action (petition/complaint), summons, filings, orders, and final judgment/decree.
    • Divorce decree (final judgment): The court’s final order dissolving the marriage and addressing issues such as property, custody, and support when applicable.
  • Annulment records

    • Annulment case file and decree (district court record): Annulments are handled as civil court matters, with a court order/decree determining that the marriage is annulled.

Where records are filed and how they can be accessed

  • Marriage licenses/recorded marriage records

    • Filed/recorded with: The Idaho County Recorder (county seat: Grangeville).
    • Access methods: Typically available through the Recorder’s office for in-person requests and certified copies. Some index information may be searchable through county records systems or third-party aggregators, but the official record is maintained by the county.
    • State-level access: Idaho maintains a central repository of vital records through the Idaho Bureau of Vital Records and Health Statistics (Idaho Department of Health and Welfare), which issues certified vital records under state rules.
      Link: Idaho Bureau of Vital Records and Health Statistics
  • Divorce and annulment court records

    • Filed with: The Idaho County District Court (Idaho’s district courts are part of the state court system; divorces/annulments are judicial proceedings).
    • Access methods: Court case records and documents are accessed through the clerk of the district court in the county where the case was filed. Public access is governed by Idaho court rules; availability may include in-person review and, for some case information, electronic access through the Idaho Courts’ systems where applicable.
    • State courts reference:
      Link: Idaho Judicial Branch

Typical information included in these records

  • Marriage license/recorded marriage record

    • Full names of the parties (and commonly maiden name for one party where applicable)
    • Date and place of marriage (county/city or venue)
    • Date the license was issued and date returned/recorded
    • Officiant name/title and signature
    • Witness information (when recorded on the form)
    • Ages and/or dates of birth may appear depending on the form version used
    • Record identifiers (book/page or instrument number) and filing information
  • Divorce decree and court file

    • Names of the parties; case number; court and county of filing
    • Date of filing and date of final judgment/decree
    • Terms of dissolution, which may include:
      • Property and debt division
      • Child custody and parenting time orders (when applicable)
      • Child support and spousal maintenance/alimony (when applicable)
      • Name restoration provisions (when requested and ordered)
    • Related orders (temporary orders, restraining orders in domestic-relations context where present) and proof of service documents may be included in the case file
  • Annulment decree and court file

    • Names of the parties; case number; court and county of filing
    • Findings and legal basis for annulment as set out in the pleadings/orders
    • Orders regarding property, children, and support where addressed by the court
    • Date of decree and signature of the judge

Privacy and legal restrictions

  • Marriage records

    • Recorded marriage records are generally treated as public records at the county level, but access to certified copies and some details can be controlled by state vital records laws and agency policy.
    • The state vital records office applies statutory restrictions on issuance of certified vital records, including identity/eligibility requirements for certain records.
  • Divorce and annulment records

    • Court records are generally public, but access is limited for:
      • Sealed cases or sealed documents by court order
      • Confidential information (for example, Social Security numbers, certain financial account numbers, and protected personal identifiers) which may be redacted or restricted under Idaho court rules
      • Cases involving minors or sensitive matters may include protected filings or restricted exhibits
    • Even when a case docket is viewable, specific documents can be restricted, redacted, or available only through the clerk under applicable court rules and orders.
  • Practical access limits

    • Older records may be archived, and retrieval may require staff processing time.
    • Identification requirements and fees typically apply for certified copies and for some court copy requests.

Education, Employment and Housing

Idaho County is a large, predominantly rural county in north-central Idaho, stretching along the Salmon River corridor and bordered by extensive public lands (including portions of the Nez Perce–Clearwater National Forests). Population is concentrated in small communities such as Grangeville (county seat), Kooskia, and the Riggins area, with many residents living on rural lots or in unincorporated areas. The county’s community context is shaped by natural-resource industries, public-sector employment (schools, local government, federal land management), and long travel distances to regional service centers.

Education Indicators

Public schools (counts and names)

Public K–12 education is primarily provided by several local districts. A countywide, school-by-school list can vary by year due to grade reconfigurations and small-school consolidations; the most reliable current roster is maintained by the Idaho State Department of Education’s directory. Key districts serving Idaho County include:

  • Mountain View School District 244 (Grangeville area)
  • Prairie Elementary School District 191 / Prairie Joint School District 192 (Cottonwood area)
  • Salmon River Joint School District 243 (Riggins–White Bird–Slate Creek area)
  • Kamiah Joint School District 304 (Kamiah area; serves portions in/near Idaho County depending on boundaries)

For the most current public school names and counts, use the Idaho State Department of Education school/district directory and the NCES public school search (federal listings).

Student–teacher ratios and graduation rates

  • Student–teacher ratios: Idaho’s public-school average is commonly reported around the mid-to-high teens (students per teacher); rural districts in Idaho County often operate small schools with mixed grade configurations, and ratios can differ materially by district and building. A single countywide ratio is not consistently published in standard federal releases; district-level ratios are available through NCES and state report cards.
  • Graduation rates: Idaho’s statewide 4‑year adjusted cohort graduation rate is typically in the mid‑80% range in recent years. Idaho County district rates vary by district size and cohort volatility (small graduating classes can swing percentages). District graduation rates are published in Idaho report cards and the state’s accountability reporting.

(Proxy note: Where countywide aggregates are not published in a single table, district-by-district values in state report cards are the closest standard proxy.)

Adult educational attainment (county residents)

Adult attainment is commonly summarized by the U.S. Census Bureau’s American Community Survey (ACS). Idaho County generally reflects a rural profile:

  • High school diploma or higher (age 25+): roughly mid‑ to high‑80%
  • Bachelor’s degree or higher (age 25+): roughly mid‑ to high‑teens (%)

These values are best taken from the most recent 5‑year ACS release for stability in small populations; see the county profile in data.census.gov (ACS educational attainment tables).

Notable programs (STEM, CTE, AP/dual credit)

Across Idaho, districts commonly participate in:

  • Career Technical Education (CTE) pathways (agriculture/natural resources, trades, business, health-related programs), frequently coordinated through regional technical centers or inter-district partnerships.
  • Advanced Placement (AP) and/or dual credit (college credit in high school), often supported through Idaho’s statewide advanced opportunities funding framework.

Program availability is school-specific in Idaho County and is typically documented in district course catalogs, annual school profiles, or Idaho report card narratives (proxy: statewide program structures with local implementation varying by school size).

School safety measures and counseling resources

Idaho public schools generally use standard K–12 safety and support practices, which may include controlled entry procedures, visitor management, emergency drills, school resource officer coordination (availability varies by district), and multi-tiered student support services. Counseling staffing and mental/behavioral health supports in rural districts are commonly delivered through a combination of school counselors, contracted providers, and regional service networks. District safety plans and counseling/service descriptions are typically posted on district websites and summarized in local policy documents (no single countywide consolidated inventory is routinely published).

Employment and Economic Conditions

Unemployment rate (most recent available)

The most consistently cited county unemployment figures come from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS). Idaho County typically experiences:

  • Unemployment: generally in the low-to-mid single digits in recent years, with seasonal variation tied to construction, tourism, and natural-resource cycles.

For the latest annual and monthly rate, use BLS LAUS and select Idaho County, Idaho.

Major industries and employment sectors

Employment in Idaho County is usually concentrated in:

  • Government and public administration, including schools and public safety
  • Health care and social assistance (critical access and regional care networks)
  • Retail trade and accommodation/food services (local services and recreation/tourism corridors)
  • Construction
  • Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting, and wood products/logging-related activity (often smaller but locally significant)
  • Transportation and warehousing (supporting rural supply chains)

Industry composition can be verified in ACS “Industry by occupation” tables and Idaho Department of Labor profiles; see Idaho Department of Labor for county labor market summaries.

Common occupations and workforce breakdown

Occupational patterns typical of rural north-central Idaho counties include:

  • Management, business, and office/administrative
  • Service occupations (health support, food service, protective services)
  • Sales
  • Construction and extraction (including trades)
  • Transportation and material moving
  • Production (including wood products and small manufacturing)
  • Education and health practitioner roles (schools, clinics)

County-specific occupation shares are available via ACS occupational tables on data.census.gov.

Commuting patterns and mean commute times

Idaho County commuting is characterized by:

  • High reliance on driving alone, typical of rural counties with dispersed settlement
  • Longer travel distances between small towns and job sites, with some residents commuting to regional hubs outside the county for specialized health care, education, or administrative jobs

Mean commute time for rural Idaho counties commonly falls in the low‑20s minutes range; the county’s specific mean commute time is reported in ACS commuting tables (5‑year ACS is the standard source for small counties).

Local employment vs. out-of-county work

A notable share of residents work within the county in schools, local government, health care, retail/services, construction, and resource-based jobs. Out‑of‑county commuting also occurs, especially for specialized professional roles, regional medical systems, and some trades/construction projects. The best proxy measures are ACS “place of work” and commuting flow indicators (where available) and regional labor market profiles from the Idaho Department of Labor.

Housing and Real Estate

Homeownership rate and rental share

Idaho County’s housing tenure typically reflects rural ownership patterns:

  • Homeownership: commonly around the low‑70% range
  • Renting: commonly around the high‑20% range

These estimates are based on recent ACS 5‑year tenure tables for the county (official values available through data.census.gov).

Median property values and recent trends

  • Median home value: Idaho County’s median value is generally below Idaho’s statewide median, reflecting smaller markets and a larger share of older and rural housing stock.
  • Trend: Like much of Idaho, values rose markedly during 2020–2022, then shifted toward slower growth/plateauing with higher interest rates; the magnitude in Idaho County varies by submarket (Grangeville area vs. Salmon River corridor).

For official median value (owner-occupied), use ACS “Value” tables; for market trend context, regional summaries from the Realtor.com Research hub and other market trackers provide broader trend signals (proxy, not official county medians).

Typical rent prices

  • Median gross rent: typically lower than Idaho’s statewide median, with limited multi-family supply outside the main towns. Official rent medians are available in ACS “Gross Rent” tables on data.census.gov. In smaller rural markets, advertised rents can be volatile due to low vacancy and limited listings (proxy caveat).

Types of housing

Housing stock is dominated by:

  • Single-family detached homes (in-town and rural)
  • Manufactured homes (a meaningful share in many rural Idaho counties)
  • Small multi-unit properties (duplexes, small apartment buildings) primarily in Grangeville and other town centers
  • Rural lots and acreage properties, including homes with outbuildings and recreational access

Neighborhood characteristics (proximity to schools/amenities)

  • Town-center neighborhoods (e.g., Grangeville/Kooskia) tend to provide the closest access to schools, clinics, groceries, and civic services.
  • Rural residential areas offer larger parcels and privacy but involve longer drives to schools, health care, and retail; winter weather and river/grade corridors can shape travel times.

Because the county is geographically large, proximity to amenities is highly location-specific and best assessed through town zoning maps and school attendance boundaries (proxy observation based on settlement patterns).

Property tax overview (rate and typical cost)

Idaho property taxes are administered locally and vary by taxing district (schools, cities, highway districts, fire districts). In broad terms:

  • Effective property tax rates in Idaho are commonly around ~0.6% of market value on average statewide, though rates and bills vary materially by location and voter-approved levies/bonds.
  • Typical homeowner cost depends on assessed value and exemptions; primary residences may qualify for Idaho’s homeowner’s exemption (reducing taxable value).

For official levy rates, assessed values, and exemption rules, see the Idaho State Tax Commission and Idaho County assessor/treasurer publications (local bills are the definitive source for “typical” homeowner costs; statewide averages are a proxy).