Kewaunee County

Kewaunee County is a small county in eastern Wisconsin on the Lake Michigan shoreline, situated northeast of Green Bay and south of Door County. Established in 1852 from parts of Brown County, it developed as a lakeshore and agricultural region, with early settlement tied to Great Lakes shipping, fishing, and timber, alongside farming communities inland. The county seat is Kewaunee, a Lake Michigan port city; other population centers include Algoma and Luxemburg. Kewaunee County remains predominantly rural, with a landscape of coastal bluffs, beaches, farmland, and small towns connected by state highways and local roads. Agriculture—especially dairy and crop production—has been a central part of the local economy, complemented by food processing, manufacturing, and lakeshore-related activity. Culturally, the county reflects northeastern Wisconsin’s mix of small-city and rural traditions, with strong ties to working waterfront history and community events.

Kewaunee County is a rural county in northeastern Wisconsin on the Lake Michigan shoreline, located between Green Bay (Brown County) and Door County. For local government and planning resources, visit the Kewaunee County official website.

Population Size

According to the U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts for Kewaunee County, Wisconsin, Kewaunee County had an estimated population of 20,563 (July 1, 2023).

Age & Gender

County-level age and sex details are published by the U.S. Census Bureau (American Community Survey) through QuickFacts. The most current, standardized age and gender percentages should be taken directly from the county’s QuickFacts profile: Kewaunee County, Wisconsin (QuickFacts).

Racial & Ethnic Composition

Official race and Hispanic/Latino ethnicity shares for Kewaunee County are provided by the U.S. Census Bureau in QuickFacts (ACS-based measures): Kewaunee County, Wisconsin (race and ethnicity statistics).

Household and Housing Data

Household and housing indicators (including households, owner-occupied housing rate, housing units, and related measures) are published by the U.S. Census Bureau for Kewaunee County via QuickFacts: Kewaunee County, Wisconsin (households and housing statistics).

Kewaunee County is a largely rural Lakeshore county with relatively low population density outside small cities (e.g., Kewaunee and Algoma), so last‑mile buildout and household broadband adoption strongly shape day‑to‑day digital communication such as email. Direct, county‑level email usage statistics are not routinely published; broadband/computer adoption and age structure serve as proxies.

Digital access indicators (proxies for email access)

The county’s household computer availability and broadband subscriptions are reported through the U.S. Census Bureau data portal (ACS “Computer and Internet Use” tables). These indicators approximate the share of residents positioned to use email at home.

Age distribution and email adoption context

Age composition is available from American Community Survey demographic profiles. A higher share of older adults typically corresponds to lower adoption of some online services and greater reliance on assisted or limited digital access, influencing email use indirectly via device and broadband uptake.

Gender distribution

County sex composition is also reported in ACS demographic tables; it is generally less predictive of email adoption than age and connectivity.

Connectivity and infrastructure limitations

Rural service constraints and coverage gaps are documented in the FCC National Broadband Map, which supports assessing where email access may be limited by available fixed broadband networks.

Kewaunee County is a small, predominantly rural county in northeastern Wisconsin on the western shore of Lake Michigan, with dispersed settlement patterns outside its small cities and villages. Lower population density, agricultural land use, shoreline conditions, and forested/wetland areas contribute to greater variability in mobile signal strength and in the economics of building dense cell-site networks compared with metropolitan parts of the state. County-level population and housing context is documented through Census.gov QuickFacts for Kewaunee County.

Key distinction: network availability vs. adoption

Network availability describes where mobile broadband service is reported as offered (coverage footprint and technology such as LTE/5G).
Adoption describes whether households and individuals actually subscribe to and use mobile service and devices (smartphone ownership, cellular data plans, and internet subscriptions).

County-level reporting is stronger for availability than for adoption. Adoption measures are often published at state level, or at multi-county geographies, with limited Kewaunee-specific detail.

Mobile network availability (4G/5G) and connectivity indicators

FCC mobile broadband coverage (reported availability)

The primary public source for county-level mobile broadband availability in the U.S. is the FCC’s Broadband Data Collection and mapping program. These data are based on provider filings and show where providers report service availability rather than measured performance.

• The FCC provides interactive maps and downloadable data layers that can be used to view 4G LTE and 5G availability in and around Kewaunee County via the FCC National Broadband Map.
• The FCC also publishes methodology, filing requirements, and data notes relevant to interpreting availability claims through FCC Broadband Data (Broadband Data Collection).

County-specific limitation: The FCC map supports local visual inspection and analysis, but it does not provide a single official “countywide mobile coverage percentage” metric that is universally stable across map updates. County-level summaries require extracting map statistics or using FCC data downloads; results vary by provider, technology (LTE vs 5G), and confidence/processing method.

Wisconsin broadband planning and regional context

Wisconsin’s broadband planning and grant reporting provides context on broadband conditions and infrastructure investment, though it is typically oriented toward fixed broadband rather than mobile-only connectivity.

• State broadband planning resources and coverage perspectives are available from the Wisconsin Public Service Commission (PSC) Broadband Program.
• Wisconsin’s statewide broadband mapping and related materials are accessible through the State Broadband Office (Wisconsin Broadband Office).

Interpretation for mobile in rural counties: Mobile LTE is generally widespread in most populated corridors, while 5G availability tends to be more uneven, with stronger presence near higher-traffic areas and along primary roadways. The FCC map is the appropriate source for identifying where 5G is reported in Kewaunee County versus where only LTE is reported.

Adoption and penetration (access indicators)

Household internet subscription and “cellular data plan only” usage

The most relevant public adoption indicators for mobile connectivity are:

• Household internet subscription status (any internet)
• Device types used for internet access
• Households with “cellular data plan only” (no fixed broadband subscription)

These measures are published by the U.S. Census Bureau’s American Community Survey (ACS). While the ACS provides robust national and state estimates, county-level detail can be limited by sample size and margins of error, especially for smaller counties.

• County-level tables for internet subscription and device type are accessible through data.census.gov (ACS Subject Tables and Detailed Tables, including “Types of Computers and Internet Subscriptions”).
• Concept definitions for ACS internet subscription and device measures are provided through the American Community Survey (ACS) program documentation.

County-specific limitation: For Kewaunee County, the ACS may report estimates for categories such as broadband of any type, smartphone, and cellular data plan-only households, but reliability varies by table and year. Use of 5-year ACS estimates is common for counties of this size due to larger sample sizes than 1-year estimates.

Smartphone ownership and individual mobile access

The ACS focuses on household devices and subscriptions, not individual-level smartphone penetration in the way that commercial surveys do. County-level “mobile penetration” in the sense of “percent of residents with a smartphone” is generally not published as an official county statistic.

Best available public proxy at county scale: ACS household device access (smartphone/computer) and household internet subscription types, supplemented by FCC availability to separate adoption from network presence.

Mobile internet usage patterns (technology and typical use)

LTE vs 5G availability and practical usage

• 4G LTE remains the baseline technology for broad rural-area coverage and is commonly the most consistently available mobile broadband layer in rural counties.
• 5G availability in rural areas is often more patchwork and may include different 5G frequency layers with different propagation characteristics. The FCC map distinguishes 5G offerings by provider and coverage footprint but does not directly indicate real-world throughput at a given location.

Usage pattern measurement limitation: Public datasets at county scale rarely provide direct metrics of “share of users on 5G vs 4G” or “mobile data consumption per user.” Such metrics are typically proprietary carrier analytics or third-party measurement products and are not published comprehensively at county level as official statistics.

Common device types (smartphones vs. other devices)

Household device composition (publicly available indicators)

At the county level, the ACS provides the most direct public indicators of device types used for internet access in households:

• Smartphone
• Desktop or laptop computer
• Tablet or other portable wireless computer
• “No computer” households (with possible smartphone-only access patterns)

These categories can be retrieved for Kewaunee County through data.census.gov using ACS tables on computers and internet subscriptions.

Interpretation constraint: The ACS device categories indicate whether a household has a given device type, not the primary device used, the operating system, or whether the device is capable of 5G. County-level breakdowns of handset models and 5G-capable device penetration are not typically available in official public datasets.

Demographic and geographic factors influencing mobile usage and connectivity

Rural settlement patterns and infrastructure economics

• Lower density areas generally require more cell sites per customer served to deliver comparable coverage and capacity, affecting deployment intensity.
• Connectivity tends to be stronger near population centers, major highways, and higher-elevation or less-obstructed terrain, and weaker in areas with tree cover, wetlands, shoreline effects, or interior building penetration challenges.

County geography, municipalities, and transportation context can be referenced through Kewaunee County’s official website.

Age, income, and housing characteristics (adoption-side drivers)

Demographic and housing factors commonly associated with mobile-only internet reliance and device access include:

• Income and affordability constraints (linked to subscription type and device ownership)
• Age structure (older populations often show different adoption patterns)
• Housing type and broadband availability (areas lacking fixed broadband sometimes show higher cellular-only reliance)

These characteristics can be quantified for Kewaunee County using ACS demographic and housing profiles via Census.gov QuickFacts and detailed tables on data.census.gov.

Summary of what can be stated with high confidence (and what cannot)

• High-confidence, county-relevant availability source: The FCC’s reported LTE/5G availability layers for Kewaunee County via the FCC National Broadband Map.
• High-confidence, county-relevant adoption proxies: ACS household internet subscription and device-type indicators through data.census.gov.
• Not reliably available as official county statistics: A single authoritative countywide “mobile penetration rate” (individual smartphone ownership), countywide share of mobile users on 5G vs LTE, and countywide mobile data consumption levels. These are typically proprietary or not published at county resolution.

This separation between reported network availability (FCC) and household adoption/subscription patterns (ACS) is the most defensible way to describe mobile usage and connectivity in Kewaunee County using publicly available, non-proprietary sources.

Kewaunee County is a small, largely rural county on Wisconsin’s Lake Michigan shoreline, with Kewaunee and Algoma among its notable cities and Green Bay in the nearby regional orbit. Agriculture and manufacturing remain important locally, and the county’s older age profile relative to many urban counties typically corresponds with lower overall social media adoption and heavier reliance on a small set of high-reach platforms for news, community updates, and local commerce.

User statistics (penetration / active use)

• County-level social media penetration is not routinely published in a standardized way by major survey organizations; most reliable estimates are available at the U.S. national level rather than for individual counties.
• Nationally, about 7 in 10 U.S. adults use social media (penetration among adults). Source: Pew Research Center: Social Media Fact Sheet.
• Social media use is strongly associated with age and (to a lesser extent) gender and education; counties with older median ages tend to fall below the national average in overall use. County age structure context: U.S. Census Bureau (data.census.gov).

Age group trends (who uses social media most)

Based on national U.S. adult patterns (Pew):

• Highest use: 18–29 and 30–49 age groups show the highest overall adoption and broadest multi-platform use.
• Moderate use: 50–64 show substantial adoption but narrower platform mixes.
• Lowest use: 65+ are least likely to use social media overall, though usage remains sizable and has grown over time.
  Source: Pew Research Center social media usage by age.

Implication for Kewaunee County: A relatively older population profile typically shifts overall usage downward and concentrates activity on fewer platforms with strong utility for family/community connection.

Gender breakdown

Nationally (Pew):

• Women are modestly more likely than men to use certain platforms (notably Pinterest and, in many years, Facebook), while differences are smaller on broad-reach platforms overall.
• Platform gender skews are more pronounced than overall “any social media” differences.
  Source: Pew Research Center platform-by-platform demographics.

Most-used platforms (percentages where available)

Pew’s latest U.S. adult estimates (platform reach):

• YouTube and Facebook typically rank as the highest-reach major platforms among U.S. adults.
• Instagram, Pinterest, LinkedIn, TikTok, Snapchat, X (formerly Twitter), and Reddit follow with varying reach and strong age skews (especially higher usage among younger adults for TikTok/Snapchat/Instagram).
  For current platform-specific percentages, use: Pew Research Center: detailed platform usage percentages.

Local expectation for Kewaunee County (in line with rural/older demographics): Facebook and YouTube tend to dominate day-to-day reach, with Instagram and TikTok more concentrated among younger residents, and LinkedIn more concentrated among college-educated and professional segments.

Behavioral trends (engagement patterns / preferences)

Findings consistently observed in national research that generally map onto rural county contexts:

• Community information and local news: Facebook Groups/pages remain a common hub for local events, municipal updates, school activities, and buy/sell exchanges; this aligns with Facebook’s broad adult reach and strong network effects. Source context on platform use patterns: Pew Research Center.
• Video-first consumption: YouTube’s high penetration supports “how-to,” entertainment, and local-interest viewing; short-form video growth on TikTok/Instagram Reels is concentrated among younger adults. Source: Pew platform usage.
• Messaging and lightweight sharing: Routine engagement often occurs through comments, shares, and direct messages rather than original posting, particularly among older adults (who are more likely to be “readers” than frequent creators in many surveys). Broader digital behavior context: Pew Research Center: Internet & Technology.
• Platform preference by life stage: Younger adults typically maintain multi-platform portfolios (Instagram/TikTok/Snapchat plus YouTube), while older adults concentrate on one or two platforms (often Facebook and YouTube). Source: Pew demographic breakdowns.

Kewaunee County maintains Wisconsin vital records for family-related events, including births, deaths, marriages, and divorces. Local registration and certified copies are handled through the county Register of Deeds; older events and statewide copies are also available through the Wisconsin Department of Health Services (DHS) Vital Records Office. Adoption records are generally not open to the public; access is restricted under state law and is typically managed through state agencies and courts rather than routine public-records access.

Publicly accessible associate-related records commonly include marriage and divorce indexes (with certified copies available through the Register of Deeds or the Clerk of Courts) and probate records (estates, guardianships) maintained by the Clerk of Courts.

Access methods include in-person requests at the Kewaunee County Register of Deeds and court-record access through the Kewaunee County Clerk of Courts. Wisconsin provides online court-case access through Wisconsin Circuit Court Access (CCAP). Statewide vital-record ordering and eligibility rules are published by Wisconsin DHS Vital Records.

Privacy restrictions apply: birth records are restricted for a statutory period; death records become more broadly available after a statutory period; and adoption records are confidential except under specific authorized processes.

Types of records available

Marriage records

• Marriage license application and marriage license: Created by the county clerk as part of the marriage licensing process.
• Marriage certificate / marriage record: The completed record returned after the ceremony and filed at the county level; a state-level record is also created from the county filing.

Divorce records

• Divorce case file (circuit court record): Court documents generated during the divorce proceeding (pleadings, motions, orders, findings, and judgment).
• Judgment of divorce / divorce decree: The final court judgment dissolving the marriage and establishing terms (such as legal custody, placement, child support, maintenance, and property division where applicable).

Annulment records

• Annulment case file and judgment: Annulments are handled through the circuit court. Records are maintained as civil court case records and typically culminate in a judgment declaring the marriage void or voidable under Wisconsin law.

Where records are filed and how they can be accessed

Marriage records (county and state custody)

• Filed/maintained in Kewaunee County: The Kewaunee County Clerk is the local custodian for marriage licensing and the county marriage record.
• State copy/registry: The Wisconsin Department of Health Services, Division of Public Health, Vital Records Office maintains statewide vital records, including marriages.
• Access methods: Requests are typically made through the county clerk for local copies and through the state vital records office for state-certified copies. Requests generally require completed application forms, identity verification, and payment of statutory fees.
• Reference: Kewaunee County Clerk (marriage licensing) information is published by Kewaunee County: https://www.kewauneeco.org/. Wisconsin Vital Records: https://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/vitalrecords/index.htm.

Divorce and annulment records (court custody)

• Filed/maintained in Kewaunee County: Divorce and annulment actions are filed in the Kewaunee County Circuit Court (Clerk of Circuit Court) as civil/family case records.
• Access methods:
  • Court case information is commonly accessible through Wisconsin’s online case search system (case summaries and docket entries; not the full confidential contents).
  • Copies of documents (such as judgments) are obtained from the Clerk of Circuit Court, subject to redaction rules and confidentiality restrictions.
• Reference: Wisconsin Circuit Court Access (CCAP): https://wcca.wicourts.gov/. Wisconsin court system: https://www.wicourts.gov/.

Typical information included in these records

Marriage license and marriage record

Commonly contains:

• Full names of the parties (including maiden name where reported)
• Dates and places of birth (or ages), residence, and citizenship information as collected
• Names of parents (and related identifying details as required on the application)
• Date and location of the marriage ceremony
• Officiant name/title and certification of solemnization
• Filing date, license number, and county of issuance/registration

Divorce decree / judgment of divorce

Commonly contains:

• Names of parties and the court case number
• Date of filing and date the judgment is granted
• Findings related to the marriage and grounds under Wisconsin law
• Orders on:
  • Legal custody and physical placement (when minor children are involved)
  • Child support and related financial orders
  • Maintenance (spousal support), where ordered
  • Property division and allocation of debts
  • Name change orders, where granted

Annulment judgment

Commonly contains:

• Names of parties and case number
• Findings supporting annulment under Wisconsin law
• Judgment declaring the marriage void/voidable and related ancillary orders (custody, support, property) where applicable

Privacy and legal restrictions

Marriage records

• Wisconsin treats marriage records as vital records. Certified copies are generally issued under Wisconsin vital records laws and administrative rules, which may limit who can obtain certain forms of copies and what identification is required.
• Informational (uncertified) copies may be available in some circumstances, but availability and content can differ from certified copies.

Divorce and annulment court records

• Divorce and annulment case files are court records, but parts of family cases can be confidential or sealed under Wisconsin law and court rules.
• Sensitive information (such as Social Security numbers, financial account numbers, and certain details involving minors) is subject to mandatory redaction and confidentiality protections in court records.
• Public online access (such as CCAP) typically provides limited case information and does not display many documents or confidential filings. Copies of specific documents are provided by the Clerk of Circuit Court consistent with confidentiality and redaction requirements.

Kewaunee County is a small, largely rural county on Wisconsin’s Lake Michigan shoreline in the Green Bay region, with a population of roughly 20,000 and communities centered on Kewaunee, Algoma, Luxemburg, Casco, and a network of smaller towns. The county’s profile reflects a mix of manufacturing and agriculture, moderate commuting ties to Brown County (Green Bay), and a housing stock dominated by owner-occupied single-family homes and rural properties.

Education Indicators

Public school districts and schools (public)

Kewaunee County is primarily served by three public school districts:

• Kewaunee School District (Kewaunee): Kewaunee Elementary School; Kewaunee Middle School; Kewaunee High School
• Algoma School District (Algoma): Algoma Elementary School; Algoma Middle School; Algoma High School
• Luxemburg-Casco School District (Luxemburg/Casco): Luxemburg-Casco Primary School; Luxemburg-Casco Intermediate School; Luxemburg-Casco Middle School; Luxemburg-Casco High School

School listings and district profiles are available through the Wisconsin DPI Public School Directory.

Student–teacher ratios and graduation rates

• Student–teacher ratios: District-level student–teacher ratios in northeastern Wisconsin are commonly in the low-to-mid teens (students per teacher). The most consistent, comparable ratios by district and year are published in district report cards and enrollment/staffing reports from the Wisconsin DPI School and District Report Cards. (A single countywide student–teacher ratio is not typically reported as an official metric; district report cards are the standard proxy.)
• Graduation rates: County students graduate from multiple districts; the most recent 4-year cohort graduation rates are reported annually by district via the Wisconsin DPI report cards. In this region, graduation outcomes are generally high relative to national averages, with year-to-year variation by cohort size.

Adult educational attainment

• High school diploma (or equivalent): Kewaunee County’s adult population is predominantly high-school educated or higher, typical of rural Wisconsin counties. The benchmark source for countywide attainment shares is the U.S. Census Bureau’s ACS educational attainment tables.
• Bachelor’s degree or higher: The share with a bachelor’s degree or higher is lower than the Wisconsin statewide average, consistent with a rural, manufacturing/agricultural employment base. County-level ACS is the standard source for these percentages.

(Most recent “official” attainment percentages depend on the latest ACS 5-year release; the ACS is the most widely used, comparable dataset for county educational attainment.)

Notable programs (STEM, vocational, AP)

• Career and Technical Education (CTE)/vocational training: Wisconsin districts commonly participate in CTE pathways aligned with regional manufacturing, construction trades, and agriculture, with program reporting captured through district curricula and DPI CTE materials. County students also have access to nearby technical college programming in the region (technical college service areas and offerings are published by the Wisconsin Technical College System).
• Advanced Placement (AP) / college-credit options: Many Wisconsin high schools offer AP and/or dual-credit options (such as transcripted credit) through regional postsecondary partners; availability is typically documented in each high school’s course catalog and DPI accountability reporting.

School safety measures and counseling resources

• Safety measures: Wisconsin public schools follow state requirements and district policies covering emergency response planning, visitor procedures, building access practices, and coordination with local law enforcement; district board policies and safety plans are the primary source documents. State-level context is maintained by the Wisconsin DPI School Safety resources.
• Student services (counseling): Counseling and pupil services are typically provided through school counselors, school psychologists, and social workers; staffing levels vary by district and are most directly reflected in district staffing reports and annual accountability materials.

Employment and Economic Conditions

Unemployment rate (most recent year available)

• The county’s unemployment rate is published monthly and annually by the Wisconsin Department of Workforce Development (DWD) Local Employment & Unemployment program. Recent years in this part of Wisconsin have generally reflected low single-digit unemployment for annual averages, with seasonal variation.

(The “most recent year available” depends on the latest finalized annual DWD release; DWD is the authoritative source for county unemployment rates.)

Major industries and employment sectors

Kewaunee County’s employment base is typically concentrated in:

• Manufacturing (often a leading sector in northeast Wisconsin counties)
• Agriculture and related agribusiness (including dairy and crop production in rural townships)
• Health care and social assistance
• Retail trade and accommodation/food services (supporting local communities and seasonal lake-related activity)
• Construction (driven by residential construction, farm structures, and regional development)

Industry distributions are benchmarked in the U.S. Census Bureau’s ACS industry-by-occupation tables and in state workforce profiles from Wisconsin DWD.

Common occupations and workforce breakdown

Common occupation groups in counties with similar structure include:

• Production occupations (manufacturing)
• Transportation and material moving
• Office and administrative support
• Sales and related
• Construction and extraction
• Management and business
• Health care practitioners/support These shares are reported via ACS occupation tables at data.census.gov.

Commuting patterns and mean commute time

• Commuting patterns: A substantial portion of residents commute within the county for manufacturing, schools, healthcare, and local services, while a notable share commutes out of county, commonly toward the Green Bay metro area (Brown County) for broader job access.
• Mean commute time: Rural counties in northeastern Wisconsin commonly fall in the mid-20-minute range for mean one-way commute time. The official county mean commute time and commute mode split are reported in ACS commuting tables on data.census.gov.

Local employment versus out-of-county work

• County-to-county commuting flows are best quantified using the Census “OnTheMap”/LEHD tools. The most widely used public resource for these flows is U.S. Census OnTheMap, which summarizes where residents work versus where jobs are located.

Housing and Real Estate

Homeownership rate and rental share

• Kewaunee County is predominantly owner-occupied, consistent with rural Wisconsin. The homeownership rate and renter share are reported in ACS housing occupancy tables at data.census.gov. (Counties with similar profiles commonly exceed two-thirds owner-occupied.)

Median property values and recent trends

• Median home value: The county’s median owner-occupied home value is available from ACS (most recent 5-year estimate) via data.census.gov.
• Recent trends: Like most of Wisconsin, median values increased notably during 2020–2023, then moderated as interest rates rose; county-specific trend lines are commonly tracked by aggregated listing and sales sources and by ACS multi-year comparisons. (ACS remains the consistent countywide benchmark for “median value,” though it lags real-time market changes.)

Typical rent prices

• Median gross rent: Reported in ACS tables on data.census.gov. Rural counties in the region generally show lower median rents than major metros, with limited supply of large multifamily buildings.

Types of housing

• Single-family detached homes dominate most communities and rural areas.
• Rural lots/farm residences are common across townships, often on larger parcels.
• Small multifamily properties and apartments are present primarily in incorporated areas (Kewaunee, Algoma, Luxemburg and nearby villages), with fewer large apartment complexes than metropolitan counties. Housing unit types and structure counts are available through ACS “units in structure” tables at data.census.gov.

Neighborhood characteristics (proximity to schools or amenities)

• In Kewaunee and Algoma, neighborhoods closer to the downtown cores and school campuses typically provide shorter trips to schools, parks, and local services, while outlying areas offer lower density and greater distance to amenities.
• Countywide, proximity to Lake Michigan and access to state/county roads are key differentiators, with many residents traveling to larger retail and healthcare hubs in the Green Bay area.

Property tax overview (average rate and typical homeowner cost)

• Property tax rates and bills vary by municipality, school district, and property classification. Wisconsin’s property tax is administered locally; countywide “average rate” is less informative than municipality-specific mill rates and the typical tax bill on a median-value home.
• The most authoritative, comparable sources are the Wisconsin Department of Revenue equalization and property tax statistics and municipal finance reports. Typical homeowner costs are often summarized as effective tax rate (taxes ÷ market value) or median tax bill by jurisdiction rather than a single countywide figure.

Data notes (sources and recency): County-level education attainment, commute time, homeownership, median value, and rent are most consistently measured using the U.S. Census Bureau’s ACS at data.census.gov. Unemployment is most authoritatively reported by Wisconsin DWD. Public school counts, graduation rates, and staffing ratios are most directly available via the Wisconsin DPI report cards and the DPI school directory.