Red Willow County is located in southwestern Nebraska along the Republican River valley, bordering Kansas to the south and centered on the city of McCook. Organized in 1873 during the region’s late-19th-century settlement period, the county developed as a local trade and transportation hub for surrounding agricultural communities. Red Willow County is small in population, with about 10,000 residents in recent censuses, and is characterized by a predominantly rural settlement pattern anchored by McCook as the principal community and county seat. The local economy is closely tied to agriculture, including irrigated crop production and livestock, supported by regional services, education, and health care in McCook. The landscape features river plains, rolling uplands, and mixed farmland typical of the southwestern Nebraska transition zone. Community life reflects small-city and rural High Plains culture, with schools, civic institutions, and county-level government services concentrated in McCook.

Red Willow County Local Demographic Profile

Red Willow County is located in southwestern Nebraska along the Republican River corridor, with McCook as the county seat. The county’s demographic profile below summarizes key population, age, race/ethnicity, and housing characteristics reported by the U.S. Census Bureau.

Population Size

According to the U.S. Census Bureau’s county profile tables (ACS 5-year), Red Willow County had a total population of 10,631 (American Community Survey 2018–2022). Data are published in the county’s QuickFacts profile: U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts for Red Willow County, Nebraska.

Age & Gender

The U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts county profile reports the following (ACS 2018–2022):

Racial & Ethnic Composition

Race and ethnicity measures below are from the U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts (ACS 2018–2022). Race categories are reported as “alone” unless otherwise stated, and Hispanic/Latino is reported as an ethnicity (of any race).

  • White alone: 90.1%
  • Black or African American alone: 0.7%
  • American Indian and Alaska Native alone: 1.1%
  • Asian alone: 0.6%
  • Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone: 0.0%
  • Two or more races: 7.4%
  • Hispanic or Latino (of any race): 5.2%
    (Source: QuickFacts: Red Willow County, Nebraska.)

Household & Housing Data

Household and housing indicators below are from the U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts (ACS 2018–2022):

For local government and planning resources, visit the Red Willow County official website.

Email Usage

Red Willow County is a sparsely populated, largely rural county in southwest Nebraska, where longer distances between towns and service areas can constrain wired network buildout and make mobile or satellite connectivity more common for digital communication.

Direct county-level email usage statistics are not typically published; email adoption is therefore inferred from proxy indicators such as internet/broadband subscriptions and device access reported by the U.S. Census Bureau (data.census.gov) and summarized via QuickFacts for Red Willow County. These sources provide measures including household broadband subscription and computer ownership, both strongly associated with routine email access for work, school, and services.

Age distribution influences email uptake: areas with larger shares of older adults often show more reliance on traditional communication channels, while working-age and student populations tend to maintain active email accounts for employment and institutional access. Gender distribution is generally less determinative for email access than broadband and device availability; sex-by-age composition may matter mainly through labor force and education patterns captured in Census profiles.

Connectivity limitations are commonly tied to rural last‑mile costs and provider coverage patterns tracked by the FCC National Broadband Map.

Mobile Phone Usage

Red Willow County is in southwestern Nebraska, with McCook as the county seat. The county is predominantly rural, characterized by agricultural land use and small population centers separated by long road distances. This settlement pattern, along with generally flat-to-rolling Great Plains terrain, tends to produce uneven mobile performance: wide-area outdoor coverage is often achievable, while in-building signal strength and high-capacity service can vary by distance from towers and backhaul infrastructure. Baseline population and density context are available from the U.S. Census via Census.gov QuickFacts (Red Willow County, Nebraska).

Key distinction: network availability vs. household adoption

Network availability describes where mobile providers report service (coverage footprints by technology such as LTE or 5G). Adoption describes whether residents actually subscribe to mobile service and devices, and whether they rely on mobile data as their primary internet connection. County-level adoption metrics are often limited and are more commonly published at the state level, by census tract, or via modeled estimates rather than direct county tabulations.

Mobile penetration or access indicators (availability and adoption)

Availability-side indicators (reported coverage)

  • The most widely used public sources for reported mobile coverage are the FCC’s availability datasets and maps. These are provider-reported and should be interpreted as coverage claims rather than measured performance.
  • For county-level viewing of provider-reported coverage, use the FCC National Broadband Map and navigate to Red Willow County, Nebraska, then filter for Mobile Broadband and technology (LTE/5G) and providers.

Adoption-side indicators (subscriptions and device access)

  • Direct county-level “mobile penetration” statistics (for example, percent of residents with a mobile subscription) are not consistently published as an official county metric. The most comparable public adoption measure is household subscription to cellular data plans, typically published at sub-county geographies (census tracts) within ACS tables rather than as a single county headline.
  • The U.S. Census Bureau’s American Community Survey includes measures of household internet subscription types (including cellular data plans). These are accessible via data.census.gov (search tables related to internet subscriptions and geography set to Red Willow County, NE). ACS estimates at the county level can carry margins of error, especially in smaller or rural counties.

Mobile internet usage patterns (LTE/4G and 5G availability vs. use)

4G/LTE availability (network)

  • LTE is generally the baseline mobile broadband technology across most U.S. rural counties and is typically the most spatially extensive layer relative to 5G. Provider-reported LTE availability in Red Willow County can be examined using the FCC National Broadband Map by selecting mobile coverage layers and comparing providers.

5G availability (network)

  • 5G availability in rural areas is often concentrated near population centers and along major transportation corridors, with varying frequency bands affecting range and indoor penetration. County-specific 5G footprints are best treated as “reported availability,” not a guarantee of consistent service at every location.
  • The most direct public reference for county viewing remains the FCC National Broadband Map, using the 5G filters and provider selections.

Usage patterns (adoption and reliance)

  • County-specific mobile internet usage patterns (such as share of households relying primarily on mobile data vs. fixed broadband) are not typically published as a single county statistic; they are usually inferred from ACS “internet subscription” categories and related survey items. Those data are accessible through data.census.gov.
  • Nebraska statewide broadband planning materials sometimes provide context on rural connectivity constraints (coverage gaps, affordability, and infrastructure), but they do not consistently provide definitive county-only mobile usage rates. A primary statewide reference point is the Nebraska Broadband Office.

Common device types (smartphones vs. other devices)

  • Public, official sources rarely publish county-specific device-type shares (smartphone vs. flip phone vs. tablets/hotspots). Most device-type statistics are available nationally or by large survey regions rather than at the county level.
  • At the county scale, the closest official proxy is the ACS measurement of whether households have an internet subscription and the type (including cellular data plans), which indicates connectivity mode but not the specific device mix. See data.census.gov for ACS subscription categories.
  • Provider-reported mobile broadband availability data (FCC) describes network service layers, not end-user device types. See the FCC National Broadband Map for availability.

Demographic and geographic factors influencing mobile usage

Rural settlement pattern and distance to infrastructure (geographic)

  • In rural counties such as Red Willow, greater distances between towers and fewer dense “capacity” sites can affect:
    • In-building coverage (signal attenuation in homes, schools, and commercial buildings)
    • Consistency of data speeds at the edge of cell sites
    • Congestion dynamics concentrated in town centers or during events, while outlying areas may have fewer users but weaker signal
  • Terrain in southwestern Nebraska is generally conducive to long-range propagation compared with mountainous regions, but line-of-sight still depends on local topography, vegetation, and tower placement.

Population density and market structure (demographic/geographic)

  • Lower population density tends to correlate with fewer redundant network layers and slower deployment of new technologies (particularly higher-frequency 5G), because returns on infrastructure investment are spread across fewer subscribers.
  • Age composition and income can influence adoption of smartphones and mobile data plans, but definitive county-level device and usage breakdowns are not consistently available as official, direct measures. County demographic profiles used for interpreting adoption patterns are available from Census.gov QuickFacts.

Practical sources for county-specific documentation (official and quasi-official)

Data limitations and interpretation notes

  • FCC mobile availability is provider-reported and represents claimed coverage; it does not directly measure on-the-ground signal quality, indoor coverage, or typical user speeds.
  • County-level adoption and device-type detail is limited in official public datasets. The most defensible public adoption indicators are ACS household subscription categories, which are estimates and may have substantial margins of error in smaller rural geographies.
  • Network availability does not equal adoption: areas with reported 4G/5G may still show lower household take-up of mobile data plans or continued reliance on fixed connections (or vice versa), depending on affordability, device access, and service quality at specific locations.

Social Media Trends

Red Willow County is in southwest Nebraska along the Republican River corridor, with McCook as the county seat and principal population center. The county’s economy is shaped by agriculture, regional services, and transportation links (including rail), and its settlement pattern is a small-city hub surrounded by rural communities. These characteristics typically align with lower fixed-broadband availability and a higher reliance on smartphones for internet access in rural areas, which influences how residents access and engage with social platforms.

User statistics (penetration and active use)

  • County-specific social media penetration: No reputable, regularly updated public dataset reports social media penetration specifically for Red Willow County. Most statistically reliable social media adoption estimates are published at the national level (and sometimes state level) rather than county level.
  • Best available benchmark (U.S. adults): About 69% of U.S. adults report using at least one social media site, according to the Pew Research Center social media fact sheet. This national benchmark is commonly used as a reference point for counties without directly measured local survey data.
  • Internet access context (rural relevance): Rural areas have historically had lower home broadband adoption and more smartphone-reliant connectivity; this affects platform mix and engagement intensity. For broadband and rural connectivity context, see Pew Research Center internet and broadband adoption.

Age group trends

National patterns from Pew show strong age gradients in platform use, which are typically mirrored in rural counties:

  • Highest overall use: Ages 18–29 are the most active across most major platforms.
  • High but more platform-specific use: Ages 30–49 remain high users, with heavier Facebook/YouTube and increasing Instagram use compared with older groups.
  • Lower overall use: Ages 50–64 and 65+ use social media at lower rates, with greater concentration on Facebook and YouTube. Source basis: Pew Research Center platform-by-age distributions.

Gender breakdown

County-level gender splits for social media use are not published in standard public sources. Nationally, Pew reports measurable gender differences by platform (more pronounced for some platforms than others):

  • Women tend to have higher usage on visually oriented and social-connection platforms such as Pinterest and Instagram.
  • Men tend to have higher usage on some discussion- and video/game-adjacent platforms (patterns vary by platform and over time). Platform-by-gender comparisons: Pew Research Center social media fact sheet.

Most-used platforms (percentages where available)

The most comparable, reliable percentages available for Red Willow County are U.S.-level adult estimates from Pew:

  • YouTube: ~83% of U.S. adults
  • Facebook: ~68%
  • Instagram: ~47%
  • Pinterest: ~35%
  • TikTok: ~33%
  • LinkedIn: ~30%
  • X (formerly Twitter): ~22%
  • Snapchat: ~27%
  • WhatsApp: ~29% Source: Pew Research Center (percentages shown are the latest reported U.S. adult shares in Pew’s fact sheet, which is periodically updated).

Behavioral trends (engagement patterns and preferences)

  • Smartphone-centric usage in rural contexts: Rural residents are more likely to depend on smartphones when home broadband is limited or inconsistent; this tends to increase the importance of mobile-first formats (short video, Stories, vertical video) and data-efficient browsing. Broadband context: Pew internet/broadband adoption.
  • Local-information use cases: In smaller counties with a dominant hub city (McCook), social media often concentrates around community news, school activities, local events, and local buy/sell groups, with Facebook typically acting as the primary “community bulletin board” platform.
  • Video as a cross-age connector: YouTube’s high reach nationally (83% of adults) supports broad countywide relevance for how-to content, agriculture and equipment content, local sports highlights, and entertainment, with strong usage across age groups compared with other platforms.
  • Age-driven platform segmentation: Younger adults (18–29) skew more toward Instagram, TikTok, Snapchat, while older cohorts skew toward Facebook and YouTube, consistent with the platform-by-age patterns in Pew’s distributions: Pew social media fact sheet.
  • Lower LinkedIn salience outside larger metros: LinkedIn use is substantial nationally (~30% of adults) but tends to be more central in larger metro labor markets; in micropolitan/rural economies it is typically more concentrated among professionals in education, healthcare, management, and recruiting roles.

Family & Associates Records

Red Willow County maintains several family- and associate-related public records through county and state offices. Vital events (birth and death) are recorded at the state level by Nebraska Vital Records, while county offices often handle local filings and certified-copy requests through prescribed procedures. Marriage records are commonly accessible through county-level filing and recording functions. Adoption records in Nebraska are generally treated as confidential and are not maintained as open public records; access is restricted under state law and agency/court processes.

Public-facing databases commonly used for family/associate research include land ownership and related instruments, which can help identify family connections and associated parties through deeds, mortgages, liens, and releases. These records are typically recorded by the county Register of Deeds and may be searchable online or at public terminals. Court-related records that may reflect family or associate relationships (probate estates, guardianships, civil cases) are administered through the District/County Court and can be searched through the Nebraska Judicial Branch online portal, with limits for protected case types.

Access routes include in-person requests at the Red Willow County Courthouse offices and statewide online systems. Official starting points include the Red Willow County, Nebraska (official county website), the Nebraska.gov portal, the Nebraska Judicial Branch, and Nebraska DHHS Vital Records. Privacy restrictions commonly apply to birth records, adoptions, certain court matters, and records involving minors or protected persons.

Marriage & Divorce Records

Types of records available

Marriage records

  • Marriage licenses and certificates/returns: Issued by the county and completed by an officiant after the ceremony, then returned for recording. These records document the legal authorization to marry and the fact of the marriage being solemnized and recorded.

Divorce records

  • Divorce case files and decrees: Divorces are handled as civil court cases. The final Decree of Dissolution of Marriage (divorce decree) is part of the court record, along with associated filings (petitions, orders, settlement agreements, parenting plans, child support orders, and related motions), depending on the case.

Annulment records

  • Annulment (declaration of invalidity) case files and orders: Annulments are also handled through the court system. The court record typically includes the petition and the court’s final order/judgment declaring the marriage invalid.

Where records are filed and how they can be accessed

Red Willow County marriage records (county level)

  • Filed/recorded with: Red Willow County Clerk (the county office that issues and records marriage licenses).
  • Access: Marriage license records are commonly available through the County Clerk’s office for inspection and for certified copies, subject to Nebraska public records law and any applicable redaction requirements.

Red Willow County divorce and annulment records (court level)

  • Filed with: District Court for Red Willow County (divorce and annulment are court actions; the clerk of the District Court maintains the official case record).
  • Access: Many divorce/annulment filings and orders are public court records, accessed through the court clerk’s records request process. Some information may be restricted by statute or sealed by court order, limiting access to parties, attorneys, and authorized persons.

State-level vital records (Nebraska)

  • Maintained by: Nebraska’s state vital records system (Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services) maintains statewide indexes and vital event records, including marriage records and divorce information recorded for vital statistics purposes.
  • Access: State-level certified copies and verifications are handled through the state vital records office under state eligibility rules and identity requirements.

Typical information included in these records

Marriage licenses/certificates

Common data elements include:

  • Full legal names of both parties
  • Date and place of marriage (ceremony location)
  • Date the license was issued and license number
  • Officiant’s name/title and certification/attestation
  • Signatures (parties, witnesses where applicable, officiant)
  • Ages/birthdates and places of birth may appear on the application
  • Prior marital status and related details may appear on the application

Divorce decrees and associated case records

Common elements in the decree and docket/case file include:

  • Names of the parties and the case number
  • Date of filing and date of decree
  • Findings on dissolution and jurisdiction
  • Orders on property and debt division
  • Orders on spousal support (alimony), if awarded
  • Orders on child custody, parenting time, and child support when applicable
  • Restoration of a former name, when granted
  • Judge’s signature and court seal/attestation as applicable

Annulment orders and associated case records

Common elements include:

  • Names of the parties and the case number
  • Legal basis for annulment (as pleaded and found by the court)
  • Date of the order/judgment
  • Orders addressing status, property, and children (when applicable)
  • Judge’s signature and court authentication

Privacy or legal restrictions

  • Public records framework: Nebraska public records law generally treats many county and court records as public, but access can be limited by statute, court rule, or court order.
  • Confidential/sealed court information: Portions of divorce/annulment case files can be restricted, including records sealed by court order and information protected by law (commonly including certain personal identifiers and sensitive information).
  • Protected personal identifiers: Courts and record custodians commonly restrict or redact sensitive identifiers such as Social Security numbers, financial account numbers, and certain information involving minors.
  • Certified copies and identity requirements: Certified vital records issued by state or county custodians are provided under office procedures that typically require payment of fees and compliance with identification and eligibility rules.
  • Vital records vs. court records: A state vital records “divorce record” is typically a statistical record or verification, while the legally operative document for divorce or annulment is the court decree/order maintained by the District Court.

Education, Employment and Housing

Red Willow County is in southwestern Nebraska along the Kansas border, anchored by the city of McCook (the county seat) and smaller communities including Indianola and Bartley. The county has a predominantly rural small‑metro service‑center character (health care, education, retail, and regional transportation), with an older‑leaning age profile typical of many Great Plains counties and a housing stock dominated by single‑family homes. Unless otherwise noted, the most recent county estimates are drawn from the U.S. Census Bureau’s American Community Survey (ACS) 5‑year tables and associated Census products, which are the standard source for county‑level social and housing indicators (see the American Community Survey overview).

Education Indicators

Public schools and school names

  • Public K–12 education in Red Willow County is primarily provided by three Nebraska public school districts serving local communities:
    • McCook Public Schools (McCook)
    • Cambridge Public Schools (Cambridge; portions of the district area extend into nearby counties, but it serves residents in the region)
    • Southern Valley Schools (district serving communities in the county area, including Indianola and surrounding rural areas)
  • For district/school listings and grade configurations, the most consistent statewide reference is the Nebraska Education Profile (Nebraska Department of Education). School‑level name lists can vary year to year due to administrative changes; the Nebraska Education Profile is treated as the authoritative directory.

Student–teacher ratios and graduation rates

  • Student–teacher ratio (proxy): Countywide student–teacher ratios are not always published as a single consolidated figure. A reasonable proxy is district‑reported ratios from the Nebraska Education Profile and/or NCES district profiles, supplemented by Nebraska statewide patterns. Nebraska districts outside the largest metros commonly report ratios in the low‑to‑mid teens (≈12:1–15:1); local district values should be verified in the Nebraska Education Profile or NCES District Search.
  • Graduation rates: Nebraska’s accountability reporting includes district high school completion/graduation indicators; countywide graduation rates are typically not published as a single statistic. District‑level graduation rates for the McCook, Cambridge, and Southern Valley districts are available via the Nebraska Education Profile. (A single countywide rate is not consistently available across sources.)

Adult educational attainment

  • High school diploma (or higher): ACS provides county educational attainment for adults (25+). Red Willow County typically shows a large majority with at least a high school diploma, consistent with rural Nebraska patterns.
  • Bachelor’s degree or higher: ACS also reports the share of adults (25+) with a bachelor’s degree or higher, which in rural service‑center counties is commonly below major‑metro levels but supported locally by health care, education, and professional services employment.
  • The most recent county values can be referenced through the Census Bureau’s data.census.gov profiles for Red Willow County (ACS 5‑year educational attainment tables).

Notable programs (STEM, vocational training, Advanced Placement)

  • District program offerings (Advanced Placement, dual credit, career and technical education, agriculture programs, and structured work‑based learning) are reported through district catalogs and state profile reporting rather than county aggregates. In this region, career/technical and agricultural education and dual‑credit partnerships are common program types.
  • A key local postsecondary and workforce asset is McCook Community College (part of the Nebraska Community College System), which supports vocational/technical training and transfer pathways; see McCook Community College.

School safety measures and counseling resources

  • Nebraska districts generally follow statewide requirements and guidance on student services, safety planning, and behavioral health supports. District‑specific safety practices (secured entry, visitor management, drills, school resource officer arrangements, and threat assessment protocols) and counseling staffing are typically disclosed in district handbooks and board policies rather than compiled at the county level.
  • Statewide reference points include Nebraska’s education agency resources and public school accountability profiles via the Nebraska Department of Education and district pages.

Employment and Economic Conditions

Unemployment rate (most recent)

  • The most consistently updated county unemployment series is produced by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (LAUS). Red Willow County’s unemployment rate varies seasonally and year to year, and the most recent annual average and recent monthly readings are available through the BLS Local Area Unemployment Statistics and Nebraska labor market releases (commonly disseminated through the Nebraska Department of Labor). A single “most recent year” figure should be taken from the latest annual average in those releases.

Major industries and employment sectors

  • Based on typical sector composition for the county seat/service‑hub model in rural Nebraska (as reflected in ACS industry-of-employment groupings), major sectors generally include:
    • Health care and social assistance (hospital/clinic services, long‑term care)
    • Educational services (public schools, community college support roles)
    • Retail trade and accommodation/food services (regional shopping and services)
    • Manufacturing (smaller plants/shops; mix depends on local employers)
    • Transportation and warehousing (regional trucking and freight activity)
    • Agriculture and agribusiness (farming/ranching; ag services), more prominent in surrounding rural areas than in the city core
  • County industry shares can be verified via ACS “industry by occupation”/“industry by class of worker” tables in data.census.gov.

Common occupations and workforce breakdown

  • In ACS occupation groupings, rural county seats typically show concentration in:
    • Management, business, science, and arts (education/health administration, finance, professional services)
    • Service occupations (health aides, food service, protective services)
    • Sales and office (retail, clerical, customer service)
    • Natural resources, construction, and maintenance (construction trades, equipment operators, maintenance)
    • Production, transportation, and material moving (manufacturing and logistics)
  • A countywide “workforce breakdown” is best represented by ACS occupation categories on data.census.gov.

Commuting patterns and mean commute time

  • Commuting in the county reflects a hub‑and‑spoke pattern: residents commute within McCook and to nearby communities, with a smaller share commuting longer distances to regional employment centers.
  • Mean commute time is reported by ACS. Rural Nebraska counties typically fall in a ~15–25 minute mean commute range, with shorter commutes for in‑town residents and longer commutes for rural households. The county’s current mean can be taken from ACS commuting tables in data.census.gov.

Local employment versus out‑of‑county work

  • ACS provides “place of work” and “commuting flow” indicators in summary form (e.g., working in the county versus outside). In county‑seat economies, a substantial share works locally, with out‑commuting commonly tied to specialized jobs and regional trade‑area connections. The most recent in‑county/out‑of‑county shares are available through ACS commuting/flows tables on data.census.gov.

Housing and Real Estate

Homeownership and renting

  • ACS is the standard source for tenure:
    • Homeownership rate (owner‑occupied share) and rental share (renter‑occupied share) are available for Red Willow County via data.census.gov.
  • The county’s housing market is generally owner‑occupied‑heavy relative to large metros, reflecting single‑family stock and rural settlement patterns.

Median property values and recent trends

  • Median value of owner‑occupied housing units is reported by ACS (5‑year). In rural Nebraska counties, medians are typically below Omaha/Lincoln and rise over time with inflation and limited new‑build supply; the county’s most recent median and change over prior ACS periods can be taken directly from data.census.gov.
  • For transaction‑based price trends, county‑level real estate indices are not consistently available everywhere; ACS median value serves as the most comparable countywide benchmark.

Typical rent prices

  • Median gross rent is reported by ACS and is the most consistent “typical rent” metric for county comparisons. Current county median gross rent is available through data.census.gov (ACS 5‑year).

Types of housing

  • Housing stock is dominated by:
    • Single‑family detached homes in McCook and smaller towns
    • Lower‑rise multifamily (small apartment buildings/duplexes), especially near central McCook and along primary corridors
    • Rural lots and farmsteads outside town boundaries
  • ACS structure type distributions (1‑unit detached, 2 units, 3–4 units, 5–9 units, etc.) can be used to quantify this mix via data.census.gov.

Neighborhood characteristics (proximity to schools/amenities)

  • The most amenity‑dense areas are generally within McCook, where civic services (schools, hospital/clinics, retail, parks, and county services) cluster. Outside McCook, communities such as Indianola and Bartley provide smaller‑town residential areas with longer drives to major services.
  • Countywide “neighborhood” indicators are not standardized in federal datasets; proximity patterns are best described through the county’s settlement geography (city/town cores versus rural tracts).

Property tax overview (rate and typical cost)

  • Nebraska relies heavily on property taxes to fund local services, with rates varying by school district and local levies. County‑specific effective rates and typical bills depend on assessed value, levy rates, and classification.
  • The most authoritative local levy and valuation reporting is maintained through Nebraska’s revenue and property assessment system; statewide reference and methodological context are provided by the Nebraska Department of Revenue, Property Assessment Division.
  • A commonly used comparable proxy for “typical homeowner cost” is ACS median real estate taxes paid for owner‑occupied housing units, available for Red Willow County via data.census.gov.

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Other Counties in Nebraska