Osage County is located in east-central Kansas, extending south from the Kansas River and situated southwest of the Kansas City metropolitan area. Created in 1855 during the Kansas Territory period, the county takes its name from the Osage Nation, reflecting early regional history and Indigenous presence on the central Plains. Osage County is small in population, with roughly 16,000 residents, and is characterized by predominantly rural land use and dispersed small towns. The landscape includes prairie and rolling hills shaped by the Flint Hills and Osage Cuestas, with agriculture and livestock production forming a core part of the local economy alongside commuting and local services. Community life centers on county-seat functions and civic institutions typical of rural Kansas counties. The county seat and largest city is Lyndon.

Osage County Local Demographic Profile

Osage County is located in east-central Kansas, directly south of Shawnee County (Topeka) and west of Franklin County. The county seat is Lyndon, and the county lies within the Flint Hills–Osage Cuestas transition region of eastern Kansas.

Population Size

Age & Gender

  • Age distribution (percent of total population) from data.census.gov (ACS 5-year profile tables) is summarized on Census QuickFacts as:
    • Under 18 years: 22.4%
    • Age 65 and over: 22.8%
  • Gender ratio (sex composition) is reported by the Census Bureau via data.census.gov. A single “gender ratio” figure is not presented on QuickFacts for this county page; however, sex composition is available in ACS profile tables (commonly DP05) for Osage County.

Racial & Ethnic Composition

From the U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts for Osage County, Kansas (race alone unless noted; Hispanic/Latino can be of any race):

  • White alone: 92.4%
  • Black or African American alone: 0.9%
  • American Indian and Alaska Native alone: 1.0%
  • Asian alone: 0.4%
  • Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone: 0.0%
  • Two or more races: 5.0%
  • Hispanic or Latino (of any race): 2.6%

Household & Housing Data

From the U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts for Osage County, Kansas:

  • Households: 6,248
  • Average household size: 2.48
  • Owner-occupied housing unit rate: 80.1%
  • Median value of owner-occupied housing unit: $156,300
  • Median selected monthly owner costs (with a mortgage): $1,210
  • Median gross rent: $741

For local government and planning resources, visit the Osage County official website.

Email Usage

Osage County, Kansas is largely rural with low population density and widely spaced households, conditions that raise last‑mile broadband costs and can limit reliable home internet—key prerequisites for routine email use.

Direct county-level email usage statistics are not typically published, so email adoption is summarized using proxy indicators: household internet/broadband subscription, computer access, and demographics. The most widely used local benchmarks are the U.S. Census Bureau (ACS) internet and computer tables, which report the share of households with a computer and with an internet subscription (including broadband), both strongly associated with email access. Age structure from the ACS demographic profile is also relevant because older populations tend to have lower rates of digital account creation and daily email use than working-age adults.

Gender distribution is generally less predictive of email adoption than age and household connectivity, but it can be referenced via ACS sex-by-age tables for context.

Connectivity limitations are shaped by rural network buildout and provider coverage; infrastructure constraints can be reviewed through the FCC National Broadband Map and local planning resources from Osage County government.

Mobile Phone Usage

Osage County is in east‑central Kansas, immediately southwest of the Topeka metro area. The county is predominantly rural, with small cities (including Lyndon and Osage City), extensive agricultural land, and rolling terrain typical of the Flint Hills/Osage Cuestas transition zone. Low population density and large service areas between towns tend to increase the cost and complexity of building dense cellular infrastructure, affecting both coverage consistency and the pace of newer technology deployment.

Data notes and scope (availability vs. adoption)

Network availability describes where mobile providers report service (coverage). Household adoption describes whether residents subscribe to and use mobile service (and which technologies/devices they use). County-level adoption statistics for mobile service specifically are limited; the most consistent county-level measures relate to broadband subscriptions generally (including mobile/cellular data plans in some Census measures) rather than detailed “smartphone ownership” or “4G vs. 5G usage” at the county scale.

Primary public sources used for county-level network availability include the FCC’s Broadband Data Collection (BDC) maps. Primary public sources for adoption indicators include U.S. Census Bureau surveys (generally reported for counties, but not always broken out into smartphone vs. non-smartphone device ownership).

Mobile penetration or access indicators (adoption-related, where available)

  • Broadband subscription measures that include cellular data plans: The U.S. Census Bureau’s American Community Survey (ACS) includes tables on types of internet subscriptions, which can include “cellular data plan” as a subscription type in many releases. These tables are commonly used as a proxy indicator for mobile internet access at the household level, but they do not directly measure mobile voice service penetration or device ownership. County-level ACS data for Osage County can be accessed via Census.gov (data.census.gov).
  • Limitations:
    • ACS internet subscription categories do not map cleanly to “4G vs. 5G” usage and do not identify handset type (smartphone vs. basic phone).
    • County-level smartphone ownership rates are not consistently published in official federal datasets in a way that isolates Osage County specifically. Widely cited smartphone ownership estimates often come from national surveys (e.g., Pew) that are not designed for county-level reporting.

Mobile internet usage patterns (network availability vs. actual use)

Network availability (4G/5G)

  • FCC provider-reported mobile broadband coverage: The most direct public depiction of where mobile broadband is reported available by provider (including 4G LTE and 5G) is the FCC’s BDC map. Coverage can be viewed by location, provider, and technology generation using the FCC National Broadband Map.
  • How to interpret availability: FCC map layers represent reported service availability, not measured performance at every point. Rural road corridors, creek valleys, and areas farther from towers can experience signal variation even within reported coverage polygons.

Actual household adoption and day-to-day use

  • County-specific usage patterns are not directly enumerated: Public datasets do not generally publish Osage County–specific distributions of residents “primarily using 4G vs. 5G” or “mobile-only internet households” with the same clarity as availability layers.
  • Best available adoption proxies: ACS internet subscription tables at Census.gov can indicate how common cellular data plans are as a subscription type among households, but they do not report the radio technology used (LTE/5G) or the device category.

Common device types (smartphones vs. other devices)

  • County-level device-type detail is limited: Publicly available county-level statistics that cleanly separate smartphone ownership from other mobile devices (basic phones, hotspots, tablets used with SIMs) are not typically available from federal sources.
  • What can be stated from official datasets:
    • ACS focuses on household internet access/subscription types rather than handset categories.
    • Device-type breakdowns are more commonly available at national or multi-state levels from non-government surveys; these are not designed to provide definitive Osage County estimates.

Demographic and geographic factors influencing mobile usage and connectivity

Rural settlement pattern and infrastructure economics

  • Tower spacing and backhaul constraints: Rural counties often require larger cell sizes and fewer towers per square mile. This can reduce capacity and indoor coverage consistency compared with denser urban areas, and it can affect how quickly additional spectrum bands or small-cell densification (often associated with improved 5G performance) are deployed.
  • Terrain and vegetation: Rolling topography and wooded creek corridors can create localized signal shadowing. Even where a county is broadly covered, performance can vary meaningfully by micro-location.

Commuting and adjacency to Topeka

  • Osage County’s proximity to Shawnee County (Topeka) can influence mobile usage patterns through commuting flows and time spent in higher-density network environments, but county-level measured usage distributions are not published in a way that quantifies this effect definitively.

Age, income, and digital access (adoption side)

  • Household broadband adoption correlates: Nationally and in ACS-based research, broadband subscription and device reliance correlate with age, income, and educational attainment. For Osage County, the most defensible county-level approach is to reference ACS demographic profiles (population age structure, income, commuting) alongside ACS internet subscription types on Census.gov, noting that these relationships are inferential and not a direct measure of smartphone ownership or 5G usage.

Distinguishing availability from adoption (summary)

  • Availability: Provider-reported 4G/5G mobile broadband coverage for Osage County is best represented through the FCC National Broadband Map. This indicates where service is claimed to be available by technology and provider, but it is not a direct measure of subscription or consistent real-world performance at every point.
  • Adoption: County-level household adoption indicators are best approximated using ACS internet subscription tables (including “cellular data plan”) available through Census.gov. These tables do not provide a complete “mobile penetration” metric (voice + data + device type) and do not separate 4G from 5G usage.

Key external references

Limitations remain for Osage County–specific measurement of smartphone ownership, device mix (handset vs. hotspot/tablet), and actual 4G vs. 5G usage shares; these are not consistently available in authoritative public datasets at the county level.

Social Media Trends

Osage County is in east‑central Kansas along the I‑35 corridor between the Topeka and Emporia areas, with Osage City as the county seat and smaller communities such as Burlingame and Lyndon. The county’s mix of small‑town centers, commuting ties to nearby metros, and an economy anchored by local services, education, and agriculture tends to align social media use with broad statewide and U.S. rural/small‑metro patterns rather than highly urbanized usage profiles.

User statistics (penetration / active use)

  • County-specific social media penetration is not published in major federal datasets; the most reliable approach is benchmarking Osage County against Kansas and U.S. survey estimates.
  • U.S. adult baseline: Approximately 69% of U.S. adults report using at least one social media site (Pew Research Center, 2023). Source: Pew Research Center report on social media use in 2023.
  • Rural vs. urban context: Social media use is lower in rural areas than in urban/suburban areas, but still a majority in national surveys. Source: Pew demographic breakouts (urban/suburban/rural).
  • Practical implication for Osage County: A reasonable evidence-based expectation is majority adult adoption, with platform mix and intensity shaped by age distribution and broadband/smartphone access typical of non‑metro Kansas counties.

Age group trends

Nationally (and consistently across recent Pew waves), age is the strongest predictor of social media use:

  • Highest overall usage: 18–29 and 30–49 adults show the highest adoption across most major platforms. Source: Pew platform-by-age tables.
  • Middle-age: 50–64 use remains substantial, especially on Facebook and YouTube.
  • Lowest overall usage: 65+ show lower adoption and lower multi-platform use, though Facebook and YouTube remain common in this group relative to other platforms.
  • Platform skew by age: TikTok and Snapchat skew younger; Facebook skews older; Instagram is strongest among younger and middle-aged adults. Source: Pew platform profiles.

Gender breakdown

Pew’s U.S. estimates show platform-specific gender skews more than overall social media use:

  • Women higher than men: Pinterest and, in many surveys, Instagram show higher usage among women.
  • Men higher than women: YouTube is often similar by gender, while X (Twitter) and Reddit tend to skew more male.
  • Facebook: Often close to parity or modest female skew depending on year and measurement.
    Source: Pew social media use by gender.

Most-used platforms (percentages)

The following are U.S. adult usage benchmarks from Pew (2023), commonly used as local proxies where county-level platform estimates are unavailable:

Behavioral trends (engagement patterns / preferences)

  • Video-first consumption is dominant: YouTube’s reach (83% of U.S. adults) supports high exposure to news, how‑to content, sports, and entertainment via video, including in non‑metro areas. Source: Pew: YouTube usage.
  • Facebook remains the “local community” utility: In smaller counties, Facebook commonly functions as the primary channel for community announcements, school and sports updates, local business posts, and marketplace-style activity, consistent with its high overall penetration in national data (68%).
  • Younger cohorts concentrate time on short-form video: TikTok use (33% of U.S. adults) is substantially higher among younger adults, concentrating engagement in creator-led entertainment and algorithmic discovery rather than follower-based feeds. Source: Pew: TikTok usage by age.
  • Messaging and “closed” sharing: WhatsApp (29%) indicates a sizable share of adults use chat-based sharing; in practice, many local interactions also occur through Facebook Messenger and group-based posting behaviors (Pew reports WhatsApp adoption; Messenger is not always measured as a separate platform in the same way). Source: Pew: WhatsApp usage.
  • Professional networking is narrower: LinkedIn use (30% nationally) is concentrated among adults with higher educational attainment and professional occupations; in counties with smaller professional labor markets, usage tends to be more job-change and credential signaling than daily social posting. Source: Pew: LinkedIn demographics.

Family & Associates Records

Osage County family and associate-related public records include vital records and court records. Birth and death certificates for events in Osage County are registered locally but maintained and issued primarily through the Kansas Department of Health and Environment (KDHE) Vital Statistics office. Certified copies are requested through KDHE’s Kansas Vital Statistics services; county-level access for certified issuance is limited. Adoption records are handled through the courts and are generally sealed under Kansas law, with access restricted to eligible parties through the district court process.

Marriage records for Osage County are recorded by the Osage County Clerk, and divorce and other domestic-relations case files are maintained by the 4th Judicial District Court. Record access and office contact information are published on the official county site at Osage County, Kansas. Kansas statewide case information and party-name searches are available through the Kansas Judicial Branch’s Access Court Records resources, with fees and access limits varying by system.

Access methods include online requests for vital records through KDHE and in-person or written requests for county clerk and district court records during business hours. Privacy restrictions commonly apply to sealed adoption files, certain domestic cases, and records involving minors; certified vital records are restricted to qualified requesters under state rules.

Marriage & Divorce Records

Types of records available

  • Marriage licenses and marriage certificates (county-level): Osage County issues marriage licenses through the Osage County Clerk. Kansas marriage records are created at the county level at the time the license is issued and returned.
  • Marriage record copies (state-level): Certified copies of Kansas marriage records are also maintained by the Kansas Department of Health and Environment (KDHE), Office of Vital Statistics.
  • Divorce decrees and divorce case files (court records): Divorces in Osage County are handled through the District Court; the decree and related filings are part of the court case record maintained by the Clerk of the District Court.
  • Annulments (court records): Annulments are adjudicated through the District Court and maintained as court case records by the Clerk of the District Court, similar to divorce files.

Where records are filed and how they can be accessed

  • Osage County marriage records (local filing/issuance)

    • Filed/issued by: Osage County Clerk (marriage licenses) and related county marriage recordkeeping.
    • Access: Requests are typically handled through the county office for local records and administrative copies.

  • Kansas marriage records (state filing)

    • Filed by: KDHE Office of Vital Statistics, which maintains statewide marriage records.
    • Access: Certified copies are generally obtained from KDHE under state vital records procedures.
    • Reference: Kansas Vital Records (KDHE)

  • Osage County divorce and annulment records (court filing)

    • Filed/maintained by: Clerk of the District Court for Osage County as part of the district court case file.
    • Access: Case records and decrees are accessed through the Clerk of the District Court and subject to Kansas court rules on public access, redactions, and any sealing orders.
    • Court administration reference: Kansas Judicial Branch

Typical information included in these records

  • Marriage license / marriage record

    • Full names of the parties
    • Date and place of marriage (or intended place; final record reflects the solemnization return)
    • Date the license was issued and the county of issuance
    • Officiant name and title, and return/solemnization certification
    • Signatures (parties, witnesses and/or officiant as applicable)
    • Basic biographical details as captured on the application (commonly age/date of birth, residence address, and prior marital status), with exact fields varying by form and time period

  • Divorce decree (final judgment)

    • Names of parties and case caption (district court)
    • Case number, filing date, and date of decree
    • Findings and orders dissolving the marriage
    • Orders on division of property and debts
    • Orders on child custody, parenting time, and child support (when applicable)
    • Orders on spousal maintenance (when applicable)
    • Restoration of a former name (when requested and granted)

  • Divorce/annulment case file (underlying court file)

    • Petition, summons, service/return of service, and responsive pleadings
    • Motions, affidavits, financial disclosures, exhibits, and evidence filings
    • Temporary orders and final journal entry/decree
    • For annulments, filings and orders addressing the legal basis for annulment and related relief

Privacy or legal restrictions

  • Marriage records

    • Kansas marriage records are part of the state vital records system; access to certified copies is governed by KDHE rules and Kansas statutes on vital records. Requests generally require compliance with identification, eligibility, and fee requirements set by KDHE and/or the county.
    • Some information collected on applications may be subject to administrative privacy practices, while the fact of marriage and core record data are commonly treated as public record through official copies and indexes as allowed by law.

  • Divorce and annulment court records

    • Court case files are generally public records in Kansas, but access is limited for materials that are sealed by court order or protected by law or court rule.
    • Confidential information (commonly Social Security numbers, financial account numbers, and protected personal identifiers; and in some contexts certain information about minors) is subject to redaction and may be restricted from public access.
    • Some related proceedings and filings (such as certain protection or child-related matters filed within or alongside domestic cases) can carry additional statutory confidentiality or restricted access provisions depending on the document type and court orders.

Education, Employment and Housing

Osage County is in east‑central Kansas, immediately southwest of the Topeka metro area, with a largely rural settlement pattern anchored by small cities such as Lyndon (county seat), Osage City, Carbondale, and Burlingame. The county’s population is older than the state average and is characterized by a mix of agricultural land, exurban growth along commuter corridors to Topeka, and small‑town communities served by multiple unified school districts.

Education Indicators

Public schools (districts and school names)

Osage County public education is organized primarily through unified school districts (USDs) that operate elementary and secondary buildings across incorporated towns and rural areas. District information and school lists are published through the Kansas State Department of Education (KSDE) and district sites.

  • USD 290 (Ottawa) serves part of the county (southeast area).
  • USD 297 (Burlingame) serves the Burlingame area.
  • USD 330 (Carbondale) serves Carbondale and nearby rural areas.
  • USD 420 (Osage City) serves Osage City and surrounding communities.
  • USD 456 (Marais des Cygnes Valley) serves portions of Osage County and adjacent counties.

A consolidated, countywide “number of public schools” count is not consistently reported as a single figure across standard federal/county profiles because buildings are reported at the district level and some USD boundaries cross county lines. The most reliable source for current school rosters by district is the KSDE directory and each USD’s published building list (proxy used: district-level structure rather than a single county total).

Student–teacher ratios and graduation rates

  • Student–teacher ratios: Reported ratios vary by district and school size; small rural schools commonly operate at lower ratios than statewide averages. For a standardized comparison, the Kansas statewide public school student–teacher ratio is typically reported around the mid‑teens in recent federal and state summaries, but Osage County–specific ratios are best obtained from KSDE district reports (proxy used: rural Kansas norms rather than a single countywide ratio).
  • Graduation rates: Kansas reports graduation outcomes using cohort methods at the high‑school/district level through KSDE. Countywide graduation rates are not consistently published as a single statistic; in rural counties, district-level graduation rates are generally high relative to national averages, but the defensible reference point remains KSDE’s published outcomes and accountability reporting (proxy used: district-level reporting rather than an aggregated county figure).

Adult educational attainment (adults 25+)

The most comparable county estimates come from the U.S. Census Bureau’s American Community Survey (ACS) 5‑year profiles.

  • High school diploma or higher: Commonly reported via ACS as a large majority of adults in Osage County; county figures are typically in the high‑80% to low‑90% range in recent ACS profiles (proxy range noted due to year-to-year table variation and release cycle).
  • Bachelor’s degree or higher: Typically around one‑fifth to one‑quarter of adults in recent ACS profiles (proxy range noted for the same reason).

Primary reference: U.S. Census Bureau data tables (ACS) for Osage County, KS (educational attainment).

Notable programs (STEM, vocational, AP)

Notable offerings are generally district-specific:

  • Career and Technical Education (CTE): Kansas districts commonly participate in state-supported CTE pathways and regional partnerships; program rosters and pathways are documented through KSDE’s CTE materials and individual district course catalogs (proxy used: statewide CTE availability; specific pathways vary by USD).
  • Advanced coursework (AP/dual credit): Smaller districts often provide a mix of Advanced Placement (AP), honors, and/or dual-credit arrangements with Kansas community colleges or technical colleges; availability is not uniform and is typically published in high-school program-of-studies documents.

School safety measures and counseling resources

Kansas public schools generally implement required safety planning and drills, and many districts use a mix of:

  • Controlled entry procedures, visitor management, and collaboration with local law enforcement/sheriffs’ offices
  • Student support services including school counseling; some districts also coordinate with regional mental health providers
    District-specific safety protocols and counseling staffing are published by each USD and in KSDE guidance. A uniform countywide inventory of safety hardware, SRO coverage, or counselor-to-student ratios is not published in a single Osage County dataset (proxy used: statewide policy framework plus district reporting).

Employment and Economic Conditions

Unemployment rate (most recent)

Osage County unemployment is tracked monthly and annually through the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS).

  • Most recent year available: The latest completed annual average is typically available via LAUS; Osage County’s recent unemployment has generally been low (often in the ~3% range in the post‑pandemic period), varying by month and year.
    Primary reference: BLS LAUS (county unemployment time series).

Major industries and employment sectors

Based on ACS industry-of-employment distributions and regional labor patterns near Topeka, key sectors generally include:

  • Educational services, healthcare, and social assistance
  • Retail trade
  • Manufacturing (more variable and often tied to nearby regional hubs rather than within-county concentration)
  • Construction
  • Public administration (county and local government; spillover from state government employment in the Topeka area for commuters)
  • Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting (small share of total employment but significant land-use presence)

Primary reference: ACS industry and class-of-worker tables.

Common occupations and workforce breakdown

Typical occupational groups reported by ACS for rural counties in the Topeka commuting shed include:

  • Management, business, science, and arts
  • Sales and office
  • Service occupations (including healthcare support and protective services)
  • Production, transportation, and material moving
  • Construction, extraction, and maintenance
    Osage County’s mix reflects both local small‑town employment and out‑commuting to larger job centers (proxy used: ACS occupational categories; detailed SOC-level breakdowns are not typically summarized at county scale without custom extracts).

Commuting patterns and mean commute time

  • Commuting patterns: A substantial share of workers commute out of the county, especially toward Shawnee County/Topeka and, to a lesser extent, other nearby counties.
  • Mean travel time to work: Rural–metro fringe counties in this region commonly show mean commute times in the mid‑20 minutes range in recent ACS releases (proxy used: ACS commuting-time norms; exact Osage County mean varies by release year).

Primary reference: ACS commuting (journey to work) tables.

Local employment versus out-of-county work

ACS “county-to-county worker flow” style summaries are not always presented as a simple single statistic in standard county profiles, but the county’s proximity to Topeka supports a notable commuter workforce. The most defensible characterization is that Osage County functions partly as a residential county for regional job centers, with local employment concentrated in schools, healthcare, retail, construction, county/city government, and agriculture, while many professional and state-government-adjacent jobs are accessed via commuting (proxy used: regional commuting context plus ACS journey-to-work patterns).

Housing and Real Estate

Homeownership and rental share

ACS housing tenure estimates for Osage County typically show a high homeownership rate consistent with rural Kansas—commonly around three‑quarters of occupied units owner‑occupied, with the remainder renter‑occupied (proxy range noted due to ACS release variation). Primary reference: ACS housing tenure tables.

Median property values and recent trends

  • Median home value: Osage County median values are typically below the Kansas statewide median and well below large-metro U.S. medians, reflecting smaller-town and rural housing stock. Recent years have followed the broader trend of rising values through 2020–2023, with moderation varying by submarket (proxy used: ACS median value tables and regional price dynamics; precise median depends on the latest ACS 5‑year release).
    Primary reference: ACS median home value tables.

Typical rent prices

  • Median gross rent: Generally lower than statewide and national medians, with rents varying by town (Osage City/Lyndon/Burlingame) and limited apartment inventory in rural areas (proxy used: ACS median gross rent; small sample sizes in rural counties can increase margins of error).
    Primary reference: ACS median gross rent tables.

Housing types

Osage County’s housing stock is dominated by:

  • Single‑family detached homes in towns and rural homesteads
  • Manufactured homes in some rural settings and small communities
  • Small multifamily properties/apartments concentrated in the larger towns and near highway corridors
    Rural lots and acreages are common outside incorporated areas, with housing supply shaped by agricultural land use and limited large-scale subdivision development.

Neighborhood characteristics (schools and amenities)

  • Town neighborhoods near USD school campuses, city parks, and main street commercial areas tend to provide the most direct access to day‑to‑day services.
  • Outlying rural areas offer larger parcels and agricultural adjacency but require longer drives to schools, clinics, grocery retail, and county services.
  • Proximity to US‑75 and other regional routes influences commuting convenience to Topeka and adjacent counties.

Property tax overview (rate and typical cost)

Kansas property taxes are administered locally, with total effective rates varying by school district, city, and special districts. For county-level context:

  • Effective property tax rates in Kansas commonly fall around ~1.2%–1.6% of market value (proxy range; actual bills vary materially by jurisdiction and valuation).
  • Typical homeowner costs depend on assessed value (Kansas residential assessment ratio is 11.5% of appraised value, then multiplied by local mill levies).
    Primary reference: Kansas Department of Revenue, Property Valuation Division (assessment and valuation framework) and local mill levy publications (jurisdiction-specific).

Data notes (proxies and availability): Several requested indicators (countywide public-school count, countywide graduation rate, and a single county student–teacher ratio) are not consistently published as unified county aggregates because public education reporting is organized by USD boundaries that can cross counties and outcomes are reported by school/district. The most recent, standardized countywide percentages and medians for adult education, commuting time, tenure, rents, and values are best sourced from ACS 5‑year tables on data.census.gov, while unemployment time series are best sourced from BLS LAUS.

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