Bradford County is located in northeastern Pennsylvania along the New York state line, forming part of the Northern Tier region. Established in 1810 and named for Attorney General William Bradford, it developed as a largely rural county shaped by agriculture, timber, and later natural-gas activity in the broader Appalachian Basin. With a population of roughly 60,000, Bradford is mid-sized for Pennsylvania but remains predominantly low-density outside its small boroughs and townships. The landscape includes rolling uplands, forested ridges, and river valleys associated with the Susquehanna River watershed, supporting farming, outdoor recreation, and small-scale manufacturing and services. Community life reflects a mix of long-standing rural traditions and regional ties to adjacent New York and north-central Pennsylvania. The county seat is Towanda, a historic river-town that serves as the primary center of county government and legal administration.

Bradford County Local Demographic Profile

Bradford County is a rural county in north-central Pennsylvania, bordering New York and centered on communities such as Towanda and Troy. It is part of Pennsylvania’s Northern Tier region.

Population Size

Age & Gender

Age distribution (percent of total population)

Gender

Racial & Ethnic Composition

Household & Housing Data

Households

  • Official household counts and related household characteristics (including average household size and household type measures available in the profile) are reported on data.census.gov’s Bradford County profile under “Families and Living Arrangements”.

Housing

Local Government Resource

Email Usage

Bradford County, Pennsylvania is a largely rural county with low population density and dispersed settlements, conditions that tend to increase last‑mile infrastructure costs and contribute to uneven digital connectivity, shaping how reliably residents can access email.

Direct county-level email usage statistics are not typically published; email adoption is therefore inferred from proxy indicators such as household internet subscriptions, device access, and demographic structure from the U.S. Census Bureau (data.census.gov).

Digital access indicators

County patterns in broadband subscription and computer ownership from the Census Bureau’s American Community Survey are commonly used to approximate the share of residents able to use email regularly. Areas with lower fixed broadband subscription rates or lower computer access generally face greater reliance on smartphones and intermittent connections for email.

Age and email adoption context

Bradford County’s age distribution matters because older age cohorts tend to have lower rates of home broadband adoption and multi-device access, affecting routine email use compared with prime working-age groups.

Gender distribution

Gender composition is not a strong standalone predictor of email use compared with age and connectivity; it is primarily relevant through correlated factors such as occupation and educational attainment.

Connectivity and infrastructure limitations

Rural terrain and distance from network hubs can constrain fixed broadband availability and performance; federal coverage and provider reporting tracked via the FCC National Broadband Map provides the most direct local proxy for infrastructure limitations.

Mobile Phone Usage

Bradford County is a largely rural county in north-central Pennsylvania along the New York border, anchored by Towanda and a network of small boroughs and townships. Its rolling terrain, river valleys (notably along the Susquehanna River), dispersed settlement patterns, and relatively low population density are factors that tend to reduce the economic efficiency of dense cellular site deployment compared with urban counties, influencing both mobile network coverage (availability) and the quality of service users experience indoors and in topographically varied areas.

Data scope and limitations (county vs. state/national)

County-specific measures of “mobile penetration” (for example, the share of residents with a mobile subscription) are not typically published as a single official statistic for a county. The most consistent public proxies at county level come from U.S. Census household survey items about device access and internet subscription types, and from federal coverage maps describing network availability rather than adoption. Coverage datasets also have known limitations (provider-reported, varying confidence levels, and not direct measures of speed or reliability at a specific address).

Network availability (coverage) vs. adoption (household take-up)

Network availability describes whether providers report offering 4G/5G service in an area.
Adoption describes whether households actually subscribe to and use mobile service and/or mobile internet plans and have suitable devices.

These measures often diverge in rural areas: a location may be “covered” on a map but still experience weaker indoor reception, congestion constraints, or limited plan affordability; conversely, households may adopt mobile internet even where fixed broadband options are limited.

Mobile penetration or access indicators (where available)

Household device access (Census household-level indicators)

County-level indicators are available through the U.S. Census Bureau’s American Community Survey (ACS) tables on computer and internet access, including whether a household has:

  • A smartphone
  • Any cellular data plan
  • Other device types (desktop/laptop/tablet)
  • Fixed broadband subscriptions (cable/fiber/DSL) versus cellular

These data are best used as household access/adoption proxies, not as network availability. The most relevant ACS table series is the “Computer and Internet Use” topic (commonly Table B28002 and related tables). County selection and downloadable tables are available via the Census data portal: Census.gov data tables (ACS Computer & Internet Use).

Broadband subscription context (ACS)

ACS also distinguishes between cellular data plan subscriptions and fixed broadband types, which helps identify whether households rely on mobile networks for internet access. This is particularly relevant in rural counties where fixed infrastructure gaps persist. County profiles and selected social/economic characteristics that correlate with adoption (income, age, disability, commuting patterns) are also accessible through: ACS county profiles on Census.gov.

Mobile internet usage patterns and technology availability (4G, 5G)

4G LTE and 5G availability (reported coverage)

Public, address-level and area-level coverage reporting for mobile broadband is available through the Federal Communications Commission’s Broadband Data Collection (BDC) maps. These maps show reported availability of:

  • 4G LTE (mobile broadband)
  • 5G (various provider deployments; map layers depend on FCC presentation and provider filings)

This dataset is a network availability source and does not measure adoption or typical user experience. FCC coverage and provider reporting can overstate practical coverage in some rural/topographic contexts, and the FCC encourages challenges to availability claims.

Primary reference:

Typical rural usage patterns (county-specific usage not directly published)

County-level breakdowns of mobile usage intensity (such as share of traffic on mobile vs. fixed, data consumption per line, or device-level telemetry) are generally not published as official statistics. The most defensible public characterization at county scale relies on:

  • ACS subscription types (cellular-only vs fixed + mobile)
  • FCC-reported network availability (4G/5G presence)

This supports a structured description such as: where fixed broadband options are limited, households may show higher reliance on cellular data plans for home connectivity, while areas with robust fixed networks more often show complementary mobile use rather than substitution.

Common device types (smartphones vs. other devices)

County-level device-type access is available via ACS household measures indicating the presence of:

  • Smartphones (most directly tied to mobile connectivity and app-based internet use)
  • Tablets and computers (often tied to home Wi‑Fi and fixed broadband but also used with mobile hotspots)
  • Households with no computing devices (important for understanding digital inclusion)

These are adoption/access indicators (what households have), not signals of network availability. The same ACS tables referenced above are the standard public source: ACS Computer and Internet Access tables on Census.gov.

Demographic and geographic factors influencing mobile usage in Bradford County

Geographic factors affecting connectivity (availability and performance)

  • Low population density and dispersed housing: tends to reduce tower density and can increase the distance to serving sites, affecting signal strength and indoor reception.
  • Terrain and vegetation: rolling topography and wooded areas can attenuate signals, particularly for higher-frequency bands used in some 5G deployments.
  • Transportation corridors and town centers: coverage is typically strongest along major roads and within boroughs where demand concentrates and backhaul is more accessible.

Network availability can be checked directly by location using the FCC map: FCC broadband availability by address and area.

Demographic and socioeconomic correlates (adoption and device access)

At county level, ACS enables analysis of factors commonly associated with differing adoption rates:

  • Age distribution: older populations correlate with lower smartphone-only reliance and sometimes lower overall internet adoption.
  • Income and poverty status: affordability influences both smartphone ownership and the likelihood of maintaining a cellular data plan or fixed broadband subscription.
  • Educational attainment and employment: associated with differing levels of internet use and device access patterns.
  • Household composition: single-person and senior households often show different adoption patterns than families with children.

These correlates are measurable through ACS subject tables and county demographic profiles on: Census.gov (ACS county demographic and internet access data).

State and local context sources (planning and program indicators)

Pennsylvania broadband planning and grant documentation can provide context on infrastructure gaps and investment priorities, which relate more directly to availability than adoption:

County-level planning documents (when published) can provide local context on coverage gaps, topographic constraints, and public-safety communications priorities:

Summary (clearly separating availability and adoption)

  • Availability (networks): Publicly comparable county-relevant mobile coverage information comes primarily from provider-reported FCC BDC data (4G LTE and 5G layers), viewable via the FCC National Broadband Map. This indicates where service is claimed to be offered, not whether residents subscribe or what performance is realized at a given location.
  • Adoption (households): Publicly comparable county-level indicators come primarily from ACS household measures covering smartphone presence and subscription types (cellular data plans and fixed broadband), accessible via Census.gov. These indicate what households report having, not whether a mobile network is available everywhere in the county.

County-specific “mobile penetration” in the telecommunications-industry sense (active SIMs per capita, carrier subscriber counts, or smartphone share of individuals) is not generally published in an official, county-resolved public dataset; ACS household device and subscription measures serve as the most standardized public proxies for Bradford County.

Social Media Trends

Bradford County is a largely rural county in north‑central Pennsylvania along the New York border, with Towanda as the county seat and nearby population centers tied to agriculture, manufacturing, and natural‑gas activity in the broader Northern Tier/Marcellus region. Lower population density, longer travel distances, and reliance on local community networks typically increase the role of Facebook-style local groups and mobile-first communication for events, schools, and public information.

User statistics (penetration and activity)

  • County-specific platform penetration rates are not published in major national surveys; the most defensible local estimate is to apply statewide/national benchmarks to the county’s adult population.
  • U.S. adult social media use: about 7 in 10 U.S. adults (≈69%) report using at least one social media site, according to the Pew Research Center social media fact sheet.
  • Implication for Bradford County: overall active usage is typically expected to be near the national adult baseline but shaped by the county’s age structure and rural broadband/mobile coverage patterns (rural areas show different platform mixes and sometimes lower intensity for video-heavy services).

Age group trends (who uses social media most)

National age gradients are strong and generally explain most local variation:

  • 18–29: highest adoption across major platforms (typically the most multi-platform and video-first users).
  • 30–49: high adoption; often the most consistent daily users due to family/school/work coordination.
  • 50–64: majority use, but lower than under‑50 groups; stronger skew toward Facebook.
  • 65+: lowest adoption; usage is concentrated on a small number of platforms (notably Facebook).
    Source: Pew Research Center, Social Media Use (U.S.).

Gender breakdown

Pew reports that women are more likely than men to use some major platforms, especially:

  • Pinterest and Instagram: higher use among women than men.
  • Facebook: often slightly higher among women or roughly comparable depending on the year/measure.
  • YouTube and Reddit: higher among men (YouTube sometimes near parity, Reddit notably male-skewed).
    These patterns are summarized in the Pew Research Center platform-by-demographics tables and generally carry into county contexts unless there are unusual local workforce or campus effects.

Most-used platforms (typical U.S. adult shares)

The most reliable available percentages are national adult benchmarks from Pew (used as the reference point when county-level measurement is unavailable):

Expected Bradford County emphasis (platform mix):

  • Facebook tends to be disproportionately important in rural counties for community groups, municipal/school updates, buy/sell listings, and event sharing.
  • YouTube is typically ubiquitous across ages for entertainment, how‑to content, and news explainers.
  • Instagram/TikTok/Snapchat are most concentrated among younger residents, with TikTok and Instagram generally outpacing Snapchat among adults overall.

Behavioral trends (engagement patterns and preferences)

  • Community information flows: Rural counties commonly rely on Facebook groups/pages for hyperlocal updates (weather closures, school sports, community events, public safety notices), producing higher engagement on locally administered pages than on national-topic content.
  • Video-first consumption: YouTube functions as a cross‑age “default” platform; short‑form video growth (TikTok/Instagram Reels) is strongest under 30 and remains substantial through middle age. Pew’s benchmarks show TikTok and Instagram skew younger while YouTube is broadly used across ages (Pew Research Center).
  • Messaging and sharing: Social use in smaller communities often centers on sharing within known networks (family, school, church/community circles) rather than broad public posting; engagement concentrates around local events, classifieds, and community problem‑solving.
  • News and civic content: Social platforms are used for news discovery, but trust and follow behavior tends to concentrate on local institutions (school districts, local media outlets, emergency management pages) rather than national accounts; this is consistent with Pew’s broader findings on how Americans encounter news on social media (Pew Research Center, Journalism & Media).

Family & Associates Records

Bradford County residents encounter family and associate-related records primarily through Pennsylvania state vital records systems and county court offices. Birth and death records are maintained by the Pennsylvania Department of Health, Division of Vital Records; certified copies are requested through the state, not the county (PA Department of Health – Vital Records). Marriage records (marriage licenses and returns) are filed through the county Register of Wills/Clerk of Orphans’ Court office (Bradford County, PA (official site)). Divorce records are handled through the Court of Common Pleas, and related docket information is accessible via Pennsylvania’s Unified Judicial System portal (UJS Web Portal (PA Courts)). Adoption records are generally maintained as Orphans’ Court matters and are restricted.

Public databases commonly used for “associate” lookups include court dockets (UJS portal) and property records maintained by the county Recorder of Deeds (Bradford County offices directory). In-person access typically occurs at the Bradford County Courthouse for court filings and recorded land documents; online access varies by record type and system.

Privacy and restrictions are governed largely by Pennsylvania law and agency policy. Vital records are subject to eligibility rules and time-based access limitations; adoption and many family court records are not public.

Marriage & Divorce Records

Types of records available

Marriage records (licenses and returns)

  • Marriage license applications/licenses: Issued at the county level and used to authorize a marriage ceremony.
  • Marriage returns/certificates: The completed return (sometimes called the “certificate” or “marriage return”) is typically recorded after the ceremony and becomes part of the county marriage record.

Divorce records (decrees and case files)

  • Divorce decrees: Final court orders ending a marriage, issued by the Court of Common Pleas.
  • Divorce case dockets and filings: Pleadings, notices, orders, and related documents maintained as part of the civil case file.

Annulment records

  • Annulment decrees and case files: Court orders declaring a marriage null/void, maintained similarly to divorce matters in the Court of Common Pleas.

Where records are filed and how they can be accessed

Marriage records (Bradford County)

  • Filed/maintained by: Bradford County Register of Wills and Clerk of the Orphans’ Court (the county office that issues marriage licenses in Pennsylvania counties).
  • Access methods:
    • In-person access through the county office that maintains marriage license records.
    • Request copies through the same county office; certified copies are typically issued by the custodian of the record.
    • Historical/public indexing may exist in county record systems and, for older records, in local archives or microfilm collections maintained by record custodians or partner repositories.

Divorce and annulment records (Bradford County)

  • Filed/maintained by: Bradford County Court of Common Pleas, with case management and recordkeeping handled through the Clerk of Courts/Prothonotary functions (the specific counter varies by county practice, but the Court of Common Pleas is the filing court).
  • Access methods:
    • Court docket searches (where available) to identify case numbers, parties, and disposition.
    • In-person review of publicly accessible portions of case files at the courthouse records office.
    • Copies/certified copies requested through the records custodian for the Court of Common Pleas filings.

Typical information included in these records

Marriage license records

Common data elements in Pennsylvania county marriage license files include:

  • Full names of the parties (including prior names where provided)
  • Dates and places of birth; age at time of application
  • Current residence and mailing address
  • Parents’ names (and sometimes birthplaces or residence)
  • Marital status (single/divorced/widowed) and prior marriage details where applicable
  • Date of application/issuance and license number
  • Officiant name and title; date and place of ceremony
  • Date the completed return was filed/recorded

Divorce records

Divorce dockets and decrees commonly include:

  • Names of the parties
  • Case number, filing date, and county of filing
  • Type of action (divorce; related claims may appear in the docket)
  • Key procedural entries (service, conferences, hearings, orders)
  • Date the divorce decree was entered and the form of decree (final order)
  • Some decrees reference statutory grounds and may incorporate ancillary orders by reference

Annulment records

Annulment case files commonly include:

  • Names of the parties and case identifiers
  • Petition details asserting the basis for annulment
  • Orders and decree declaring the marriage void/voidable
  • Dates of filing and disposition

Privacy or legal restrictions

General public access framework

  • Marriage license records are generally treated as public records maintained by the county office that issued the license, though access can be subject to administrative rules, identification requirements for certified copies, and record-custodian policies.
  • Divorce and annulment court records are generally public to the extent provided by Pennsylvania court rules, but specific documents or information can be restricted.

Common restrictions and limitations

  • Sealed or impounded records: Courts can seal portions of divorce/annulment files by order; sealed materials are not available to the public.
  • Protected personal information: Pennsylvania court practice restricts the public display of certain sensitive identifiers (for example, full Social Security numbers and certain financial account information) in publicly accessible filings or requires redaction in public-facing records.
  • Confidential ancillary materials: Items such as custody evaluations, certain psychological reports, and other sensitive attachments may be restricted by rule or court order, even when a docket entry exists.
  • Certified copies: Certified copies of marriage records and court decrees are issued by the record custodian and typically require compliance with identification, fees, and certification procedures set by the office.

Distinction between decree and full case file

  • A divorce decree is commonly obtainable as the final order, while parts of the underlying case file may be limited by sealing orders, redaction rules, or court policy for sensitive materials.

Education, Employment and Housing

Bradford County is a largely rural county in north‑central Pennsylvania bordering New York, with population concentrated in the Towanda area and smaller boroughs and townships. The county’s community context is shaped by agriculture, natural resources, small manufacturing and services, and a steady share of residents commuting to jobs in nearby counties and across the state line.

Education Indicators

Public schools and school names

Bradford County’s K–12 public education is delivered primarily through several school districts serving different parts of the county. Public high schools and district systems commonly cited for Bradford County include:

  • Towanda Area School District (Towanda area)
  • Troy Area School District (Troy area)
  • Wyalusing Area School District (Wyalusing area)
  • Canton Area School District (Canton area)

A complete, current roster of public schools by name is maintained by the state and can be cross‑checked via the Pennsylvania Department of Education (PDE) EdNA/Institution Directory (search by county and district) using the Pennsylvania Department of Education resources. District and school profiles, enrollments, and performance measures are also summarized through Future Ready PA Index.

Student–teacher ratios and graduation rates

  • Student–teacher ratios: District student–teacher ratios are published in state profiles but vary year to year and by school. For countywide planning, Bradford County generally aligns with rural Pennsylvania ratios in the mid‑teens students per teacher; district‑level values are best taken directly from official district/school profile pages in the Future Ready PA Index.
  • Graduation rates: Pennsylvania reports 4‑year cohort graduation rates by district and high school. Bradford County districts typically report graduation rates in the high‑80s to mid‑90s percent range, with annual variation. The most recent official rates are available through the Future Ready PA Index (Graduation Rate indicator) and PDE reporting.

Note on precision: A single countywide student–teacher ratio and graduation rate are not published as a unified statistic; district/school results are the authoritative source.

Adult education levels

County adult educational attainment is tracked by the U.S. Census Bureau’s American Community Survey (ACS). Recent ACS 5‑year estimates for Bradford County indicate:

  • A large majority of adults age 25+ hold at least a high school diploma (typical for rural Pennsylvania counties, generally in the high‑80% to low‑90% range).
  • The share with a bachelor’s degree or higher is well below Pennsylvania’s statewide level, typically in the mid‑teens to around one‑fifth in similar rural counties.

The most recent county profile values can be retrieved from data.census.gov (ACS 5‑year tables for educational attainment, such as DP02/S1501).

Notable programs (STEM, vocational, Advanced Placement)

  • Career and technical education (CTE): Bradford County students commonly access CTE through regional career and technical education arrangements serving multiple districts (program availability is district‑specific and varies by year).
  • Advanced Placement (AP) / dual enrollment: AP offerings and participation rates are reported at the school level in state reporting systems; rural districts frequently offer a smaller AP catalog than suburban systems, with some coursework options supported through regional/online delivery.
  • STEM programming: STEM opportunities are typically delivered through district curricula, electives, and regional partnerships rather than stand‑alone STEM schools; official program listings are maintained by districts and reflected in school profiles.

District‑level program indicators and course participation metrics are most consistently documented in Future Ready PA Index and district publications.

School safety measures and counseling resources

Pennsylvania public schools use layered safety and student support measures that generally include:

  • Building access controls, visitor management, and emergency response procedures aligned with state guidance
  • School counseling services and student support staff (counselors, psychologists, social workers), with staffing levels varying by district size
  • Coordination with county and municipal emergency services

School safety reporting and frameworks are maintained at the state level and locally; statewide reference materials are available through the PDE Safe Schools resources, while staffing and support services are most accurately reflected in district/school profile disclosures.

Employment and Economic Conditions

Unemployment rate (most recent year available)

The most commonly cited official measure for counties is the annual average unemployment rate from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS). Bradford County’s unemployment rate in recent years has generally tracked near the Pennsylvania average, often in the low single digits, with year‑to‑year changes reflecting broader economic conditions. The most recent annual value is available via BLS LAUS (county data).

Note on precision: The annual average changes each year; the BLS LAUS series is the authoritative “most recent year available” source.

Major industries and employment sectors

Bradford County’s employment base is typically dominated by:

  • Health care and social assistance
  • Retail trade and accommodation/food services
  • Educational services (public administration and schools)
  • Manufacturing (smaller plants and specialized production)
  • Construction
  • Agriculture, forestry, and related rural industries
  • Natural resources and energy‑adjacent activity (historically associated with regional extraction and support services)

County industry shares are available through ACS industry tables on data.census.gov and regional labor market dashboards.

Common occupations and workforce breakdown

The occupational structure generally reflects a rural service‑and‑trades mix, commonly including:

  • Office/administrative support
  • Sales and related occupations
  • Transportation and material moving
  • Production occupations
  • Construction and extraction
  • Healthcare support and practitioner roles
  • Education, training, and library occupations

ACS occupation tables on data.census.gov provide the most recent standardized breakdown.

Commuting patterns and mean commute times

  • Primary commuting mode: Like most rural Pennsylvania counties, commuting is predominantly by personal vehicle, with limited public transit coverage outside local routes.
  • Mean travel time to work: Bradford County’s mean commute time generally falls in a mid‑20‑minute range typical of rural counties with dispersed housing and job sites.

The definitive mean commute time and mode shares are published in ACS commuting tables on data.census.gov.

Local employment versus out‑of‑county work

A substantial share of employed residents work outside Bradford County, reflecting:

  • Access to jobs in nearby Pennsylvania counties
  • Cross‑border commuting into New York’s Southern Tier
  • Concentration of certain healthcare, manufacturing, and professional services in regional hubs outside the county

“Place of work” and commuting flow proxies (residence vs. workplace geography) are captured through ACS and related Census products accessible via data.census.gov; county‑level employment and commuting flow dashboards are also commonly compiled from Census LEHD/OnTheMap, where available.

Housing and Real Estate

Homeownership rate and rental share

Bradford County’s housing tenure reflects a rural ownership profile:

  • Homeownership: typically around three‑quarters of occupied units
  • Renting: typically around one‑quarter

The most recent official tenure shares are published in ACS housing tables via data.census.gov.

Median property values and recent trends

  • Median home value: Bradford County’s median owner‑occupied home value is generally below the Pennsylvania statewide median, consistent with rural market pricing.
  • Trend: Recent years across Pennsylvania have seen rising assessed market values and sale prices, with rural counties often experiencing moderate appreciation compared with major metro areas. County‑specific medians and time trends are best taken from ACS (median value of owner‑occupied housing units) and supplemented by transaction datasets where available.

The most recent median value (ACS 5‑year) is available from data.census.gov (housing value tables such as DP04).

Typical rent prices

  • Median gross rent is typically below statewide levels, reflecting lower cost structures outside major metros. The official county median gross rent is available from ACS on data.census.gov (DP04).

Types of housing (single‑family homes, apartments, rural lots)

Housing stock is predominantly:

  • Single‑family detached homes on larger lots in townships and village settings
  • Older housing in borough centers (Towanda, Troy, Canton, Wyalusing) with a mix of single‑family and small multifamily properties
  • Manufactured homes in rural areas
  • Limited apartment inventory, mainly in boroughs and near commercial corridors

Neighborhood characteristics (proximity to schools or amenities)

  • Borough and near‑borough neighborhoods tend to have closer proximity to schools, county services, healthcare, and retail, with more walkable blocks in historic town centers.
  • Outlying township areas generally have greater distances to schools and services, larger parcels, and more reliance on driving.

These characteristics follow the county’s settlement pattern rather than a dense neighborhood transit network.

Property tax overview (average rate and typical homeowner cost)

Property taxes in Pennsylvania are levied primarily by school districts, counties, and municipalities, and effective rates vary by taxing jurisdiction within Bradford County.

  • Typical pattern: In rural counties, school district taxes are commonly the largest component of the property tax bill, with county and municipal millage adding additional layers.
  • Typical homeowner cost: The annual tax bill depends on assessed value and local millage; countywide “average” homeowner tax cost is not a single fixed figure due to jurisdiction variation.

Jurisdictional millage rates and tax structures are documented by local taxing authorities and compiled in Pennsylvania municipal and school district tax references; statewide context on local taxation is summarized by the Pennsylvania Department of Community and Economic Development and related local government finance resources.