Caledonia County is located in northeastern Vermont, extending from the Connecticut River along the New Hampshire border westward into the state’s hill country and river valleys. Established in 1792, it is part of Vermont’s historic “Northeast Kingdom” region and has long been shaped by agriculture, forestry, and small mill and market towns. The county is small in population by state standards, with roughly 30,000 residents, and settlement is dispersed across rural communities with a few larger village centers. Its landscape includes forested uplands, working farmland, and major waterways such as the Passumpsic and Wells rivers. The economy is anchored by education, health and social services, manufacturing, and natural-resource-based industries, alongside local commerce serving surrounding towns. Cultural life reflects a mix of longstanding New England civic traditions and regional identity tied to the Northeast Kingdom. The county seat is St. Johnsbury.

Caledonia County Local Demographic Profile

Caledonia County is located in Vermont’s Northeast Kingdom region, bordering New Hampshire along the Connecticut River. The county seat is St. Johnsbury, and regional planning information is maintained through county-aligned agencies such as the Northeast Kingdom Collaborative and municipal governments.

Population Size

According to the U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts for Caledonia County, Vermont, the county’s population was 30,268 (2020).

Age & Gender

County-level age distribution and sex composition are published by the U.S. Census Bureau. The most recent standardized summary tables for Caledonia County are available via Census Bureau QuickFacts (Age and Sex section), which reports:

  • Age distribution (share under 18, 18–64, and 65+)
  • Sex (percent female and percent male)

Exact percentages vary by release year; the authoritative current values are those shown in the QuickFacts “Age and Sex” panel for Caledonia County.

Racial & Ethnic Composition

The U.S. Census Bureau provides county-level race and Hispanic/Latino ethnicity measures for Caledonia County in the QuickFacts race/ethnicity tables, including:

  • Race alone categories (e.g., White alone, Black or African American alone, Asian alone, etc.)
  • Two or more races
  • Hispanic or Latino (of any race)

For official definitions and methodology used in these categories, refer to the Census Bureau’s Race and Hispanic Origin topic pages.

Household and Housing Data

Household and housing indicators for Caledonia County are maintained in the U.S. Census Bureau’s county profile tables. The QuickFacts county profile includes standardized county-level measures such as:

  • Number of households
  • Average household size
  • Owner-occupied housing rate
  • Total housing units
  • Selected housing characteristics and housing value metrics (where available in the QuickFacts table)

Local Government and Planning References

For county-aligned local governance and regional planning resources, Vermont municipalities and regional organizations provide official materials and contacts; statewide local government context is maintained by the State of Vermont’s official website. County-specific civic information is commonly accessed through municipal pages (e.g., St. Johnsbury) and regional planning bodies serving the Northeast Kingdom.

Email Usage

Caledonia County’s rural geography, dispersed settlement pattern, and mountainous terrain contribute to uneven last‑mile internet buildout, making digital communication more dependent on available fixed broadband and cellular coverage than in denser Vermont counties.

Direct county-level email usage statistics are not routinely published; email adoption is commonly proxied using household internet and device access from survey sources. The U.S. Census Bureau’s data portal (American Community Survey) provides county indicators such as broadband subscription and computer ownership, which correlate with the ability to maintain regular email access for work, school, healthcare portals, and government services. Age structure also matters: older age cohorts generally show lower adoption of online account creation and password-based services, while working-age adults tend to use email more consistently for employment and billing. Caledonia County’s age distribution from the same ACS sources can therefore be used to contextualize expected email uptake without estimating rates.

Gender distribution is not a primary constraint on email access relative to infrastructure and age; ACS tables can describe sex by age and internet access where needed.

Connectivity constraints are documented through Vermont broadband planning and coverage mapping, including the Vermont Public Service Department broadband resources, which track gaps in service availability and adoption.

Mobile Phone Usage

Caledonia County is in Vermont’s “Northeast Kingdom,” covering a largely rural area that includes St. Johnsbury (the county shire) and extensive forested, hilly terrain. Settlement patterns are dispersed outside the small town/village centers, and population density is low relative to Vermont’s more urbanized Chittenden County corridor. These characteristics—distance from fiber middle‑mile routes, fewer towers per square mile, and terrain that can obstruct radio propagation—shape both mobile coverage (availability) and subscription/usage (adoption). County profile context is available through the U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts for Caledonia County.

Key distinction: network availability vs. adoption

Network availability describes whether a mobile network signal (voice/LTE/5G) is present in an area. Adoption describes whether residents subscribe to mobile service and use mobile broadband (and whether they rely on mobile in place of fixed home internet). County-level adoption measures are more limited than availability data; where only state or multi-county indicators exist, those limitations are stated.

Mobile penetration and access indicators (adoption)

County-level indicators available from the American Community Survey (ACS)

The most consistently published county-level indicators related to “mobile access” come from the ACS questions on household computing devices and internet subscriptions. These are household measures, not tower/coverage measures, and they do not directly measure smartphone ownership or individual mobile subscriptions.

Relevant ACS table families commonly used for county analysis include:

  • Devices in household (e.g., presence of smartphone, desktop/laptop, tablet, “other computer”)
  • Internet subscription type (including cellular data plan, cable/fiber/DSL, satellite, etc.)

Limitation: ACS “smartphone in household” and “cellular data plan subscription” are the best standardized county-level proxies for mobile adoption, but they measure household-level access rather than individual mobile penetration (e.g., SIMs per person) and do not indicate 4G/5G usage.

State-level context that often informs county conditions (not county-specific)

Vermont-level adoption patterns (including broadband subscription and mobile reliance) are typically summarized by:

Limitation: These state sources are useful for understanding policy and statewide trends, but they do not consistently publish mobile adoption metrics at the county level.

Mobile internet usage patterns and network availability (4G and 5G)

4G LTE and 5G availability (coverage)

County-level mobile availability is best represented through federal coverage datasets and maps rather than subscription surveys.

These resources distinguish:

  • 4G LTE coverage (widely deployed nationally; in rural counties coverage is often strongest along major roads and population centers)
  • 5G coverage (varies by provider; rural 5G frequently relies on low-band spectrum with wider reach but lower peak speeds than dense “mid-band” or “mmWave” deployments)

Important limitation about availability data: FCC coverage reflects provider-reported availability under BDC methodologies and is not the same as on-the-ground performance everywhere in complex terrain. It is a coverage/availability indicator, not a guarantee of consistent indoor service, throughput, or latency across all locations.

Typical rural usage patterns (supported by measurement frameworks, not county-specific)

In rural Vermont counties, mobile broadband commonly serves three usage roles:

  1. Primary connectivity for some households lacking fixed broadband options (cellular data plans used for home internet access).
  2. Supplemental connectivity for households with fixed service but limited performance or outages.
  3. In‑transit connectivity along highway corridors and in town centers.

Direct county-level breakdowns of “4G vs 5G usage share” are generally not published in a standardized public dataset. Usage patterns are therefore best inferred only from:

  • Availability maps (FCC) and
  • Household subscription types (ACS)

No definitive county-level statistic is consistently available that quantifies the percentage of mobile data traffic on 4G versus 5G in Caledonia County.

Common device types (smartphones vs. other devices)

Household device access (ACS-based, county-level)

For Caledonia County, the most defensible public indicator of device types is ACS household device availability, which includes categories such as:

  • Smartphone
  • Desktop or laptop
  • Tablet
  • Other computer
  • No computing device

These estimates (ACS 5-year) are accessible via data.census.gov by searching Caledonia County and selecting tables under “Computer and Internet Use.”

Limitation: ACS measures whether a household has a device type available, not the number of devices, models, operating systems, or whether the smartphone is used on a mobile data plan versus Wi‑Fi.

Carrier-reported device mixes (generally not available at county resolution)

Publicly available carrier filings and marketing coverage maps do not typically publish county-level device type shares (e.g., smartphone vs. feature phone vs. hotspot/router). As a result, ACS remains the principal neutral source for county-scale device-type indicators.

Demographic and geographic factors influencing mobile usage and connectivity

Terrain, settlement, and infrastructure

  • Topography and vegetation in the Northeast Kingdom can reduce line-of-sight propagation and increase variability in coverage, especially in valleys and heavily wooded areas. This primarily affects availability and performance, not adoption directly.
  • Dispersed housing increases the cost per user to build dense networks, influencing the extent and capacity of LTE/5G deployments outside town centers and primary roadways.

Availability and infrastructure conditions are documented and discussed in statewide broadband planning materials and mapping initiatives, including Vermont’s public service and broadband planning entities:

Population distribution and local centers

Caledonia County includes a larger service-center community (St. Johnsbury) and smaller towns with more remote surrounding areas. In such geographies:

  • Town centers tend to have stronger and more redundant mobile coverage.
  • Outlying rural roads and homes more frequently experience weaker signal strength and fewer provider options.

County and municipal context can be referenced through:

Socioeconomic and age-related factors (adoption-side)

For adoption indicators, the strongest public sources are Census/ACS demographic tables (income, age distribution, housing tenure) combined with the ACS internet/device tables. These demographics can influence:

  • Smartphone availability and cellular data plan subscriptions (affordability and perceived need)
  • Reliance on mobile-only internet in households without fixed broadband subscriptions

Baseline demographic tables are available through:

Limitation: While demographics correlate with adoption in many studies, definitive causal statements for Caledonia County require county-specific statistical analysis beyond what standard public dashboards publish.

Summary of what is known at county level vs. what is not

  • Available at county level (public, standardized):

    • Household access to smartphones and other device types (ACS)
    • Household internet subscription types, including cellular data plans (ACS)
    • Provider-reported mobile broadband availability via mapping (FCC BDC/National Broadband Map)

  • Commonly not available at county level (public, standardized):

    • Direct mobile penetration rate (active mobile subscriptions per person)
    • Share of mobile traffic or subscribers specifically using 4G vs. 5G
    • County-specific distributions of feature phones vs. smartphones beyond household device presence
    • Consistent, county-wide measures of experienced performance (speed/latency) attributable solely to mobile networks

These constraints mean Caledonia County mobile connectivity can be described most reliably by pairing FCC availability maps (network presence) with ACS household adoption measures (devices and subscription types), while avoiding unsupported precision about 4G/5G usage shares or subscriber penetration.

Social Media Trends

Caledonia County is in Vermont’s Northeast Kingdom, anchored by St. Johnsbury (a regional service center) and including communities such as Lyndon. The county is predominantly rural with small-town settlement patterns, an older-than-U.S.-average age profile, and a mix of local services, education, and light industry; these characteristics typically align with heavier reliance on mobile connectivity for day-to-day communication and community information, alongside lower coverage from locally produced media compared with larger metros.

User statistics (penetration and activity)

  • Local (county-level) social media penetration: Public, methodologically consistent county-level estimates of “% of residents active on social platforms” are not routinely published by major U.S. survey programs. Most authoritative measures are available at the national level and can be contextualized using local demographics and broadband availability.
  • State context (internet access, a prerequisite for social activity): Vermont has high overall internet use relative to many states, though rural areas can face connectivity gaps. The most directly comparable public measure is broadband availability and subscription reporting from federal datasets such as the FCC National Broadband Map.
  • National benchmark for adult social media use: About 7 in 10 U.S. adults use social media according to the Pew Research Center’s Social Media Use in 2024 report. This is a commonly used benchmark for rural U.S. counties with similar age structures, with expected local variation driven primarily by age and connectivity.

Age group trends

  • Highest usage: Adults ages 18–29 show the highest social media usage nationally, followed by 30–49, with lower levels among 50–64 and 65+ (pattern documented in Pew Research Center’s 2024 social media findings).
  • County implication: Caledonia County’s comparatively older age distribution (typical of rural Vermont) is consistent with lower overall platform penetration than younger metro areas, while still supporting substantial usage on platforms favored by older adults (notably Facebook).

Gender breakdown

  • Overall: Pew’s platform-by-platform data consistently shows small-to-moderate gender differences by platform rather than large differences in “any social media” adoption. For example, women tend to be more likely than men to use some visually oriented or community-oriented platforms, while men may over-index on some discussion- or video-centric platforms depending on the measure. The most defensible summary for Caledonia County is that gender differences are platform-specific and overall participation is broadly similar, following national patterns reported by Pew Research Center.

Most-used platforms (percentages where available)

County-specific platform shares are not generally published in open statistical series; the most reliable public percentages come from national surveys and serve as the best available proxy for platform popularity patterns in rural counties.

  • YouTube: Used by a large majority of U.S. adults (Pew reports YouTube as the most widely used major platform). See the platform table in Pew Research Center’s Social Media Use in 2024.
  • Facebook: Used by a majority of U.S. adults and tends to be especially prevalent among 30+ and older adults, aligning with rural county demographics (Pew, 2024).
  • Instagram: Used by a substantial minority, skewing younger (Pew, 2024).
  • Pinterest / LinkedIn / X (Twitter): Each used by smaller segments of adults overall; usage varies strongly by age, education, and occupation (Pew, 2024).
  • TikTok: Used by a sizable minority, concentrated among younger adults (Pew, 2024).
  • Messaging apps (contextual): Pew’s separate reporting on communication behaviors indicates ongoing importance of messaging and group communication in community life, often interacting with social platforms for local updates and coordination.

Behavioral trends (engagement patterns and preferences)

  • Community information and event coordination: Rural counties commonly show heavier reliance on local Facebook groups/pages and community bulletin-style posting for events, school updates, road/weather impacts, and mutual aid. This reflects the role of social platforms as substitutes for denser local media ecosystems.
  • Video-first consumption: Nationally, YouTube’s very high reach implies broad video consumption across ages; in rural settings this often supports how-to content, local-interest clips, and news explainers, alongside entertainment (Pew, 2024).
  • Age-structured platform choice: Younger adults tend to concentrate more time in short-form video and creator-driven feeds (e.g., TikTok/Instagram), while older cohorts concentrate more in network/community-oriented platforms (notably Facebook). This age gradient is one of the most consistent findings across Pew’s platform measures.
  • Engagement style: Across U.S. adults, “active” behaviors (posting/commenting) are typically concentrated among a smaller share of users, while many users engage primarily through viewing, reacting, and sharing; this general participation pattern is widely documented in social media research syntheses and aligns with Pew’s emphasis on differences in use by platform and demographic group.

Primary data source for comparable percentages: Pew Research Center — Social Media Use in 2024. Connectivity context: FCC National Broadband Map.

Family & Associates Records

Caledonia County family-related public records are primarily maintained under Vermont’s statewide vital records system rather than at the county level. Birth and death certificates are created at the time of the event and registered with the Vermont Department of Health, with local town/city clerks often serving as access points for certified copies. Marriage and civil union records are generally recorded by town/city clerks where the license is issued and/or filed. Adoption records are handled through the courts and state systems and are not generally available as public records.

Public database availability is limited for vital events; Vermont provides informational guidance and certificate ordering through the Department of Health’s Vital Records Office (Vermont Department of Health: Vital Records) and the statewide portal for requesting certificates (Vermont Vital Records Portal). Court-related family matters (including adoption case files and some probate-related records) are accessed via the Vermont Judiciary, with public case lookup and courthouse contact information available through the statewide court system (Vermont Judiciary).

In-person access typically occurs at town/city clerk offices for locally filed records and at the Caledonia County Superior Court location for court files (Caledonia Unit (court location)).

Privacy restrictions commonly apply: certified vital records are generally limited to eligible requesters; adoption records are typically sealed; some court records may be confidential or partially redacted.

Marriage & Divorce Records

Types of records available

Marriage records (vital records)

  • Marriage license / marriage certificate (record of marriage): Vermont marriages are recorded as vital records. The operative record is the marriage certificate/record filed after the ceremony; local offices often refer to the process as obtaining a marriage license and filing the marriage return/certificate.
  • Marriage applications and supporting documents: Some documentation may be retained by the issuing town/city clerk as part of local files, but certified proof is typically issued from the recorded vital record.

Divorce and annulment records (court records)

  • Divorce decree (final judgment/order): Divorce is handled through the Vermont Superior Court, Family Division serving Caledonia County. The decree is part of the case file and is the authoritative evidence of the dissolution.
  • Annulment decree (judgment of nullity): Annulments are also handled in the Family Division; the final order/judgment is maintained within the case file.
  • Associated case documents: Docket entries, complaints/petitions, stipulated agreements, findings, and orders (including custody/support orders) are maintained as part of the court record.

Where records are filed and how they can be accessed

Marriage records

  • Local filing: Marriage records are filed with the town/city clerk in the Vermont municipality where the license was issued and/or where the record is recorded under Vermont vital records practices.
  • State-level copies: The Vermont Department of Health, Vital Records Office maintains statewide vital records and issues certified copies.
  • Access methods: Requests are typically made through the town/city clerk or the Vermont Vital Records Office using the state’s prescribed application process (request form, identification, fees). Many older records may also be available through archival and genealogical formats, depending on age and format.

Divorce and annulment records

  • Court filing: Divorce and annulment case files are filed in the Vermont Superior Court, Family Division for the county where the case is brought (for Caledonia County, the Family Division serving that county).
  • Access methods: Copies of decrees and other case documents are obtained from the court clerk’s office. Vermont courts also provide electronic case access tools for docket information and, where permitted, document access, subject to court rules and any confidentiality orders.

Typical information included in these records

Marriage records

Marriage vital records commonly include:

  • Full names of the parties (including prior names where recorded)
  • Date and place of marriage (municipality, county, state)
  • Ages or dates of birth (format varies by period)
  • Residences at time of marriage
  • Officiant’s name and authority
  • Names of witnesses (where recorded)
  • Certification/filing details (clerk’s certification, record/volume/page references in local systems)

Divorce decrees and annulment judgments

Court judgments and decrees commonly include:

  • Caption (court, docket number, parties’ names)
  • Date of judgment and judge’s signature
  • Legal disposition (divorce granted; marriage annulled; restoration of former name where ordered)
  • Incorporated orders or findings on:
    • Property division
    • Spousal maintenance (alimony)
    • Parental rights and responsibilities (custody) and parent–child contact (visitation)
    • Child support and medical support
  • References to incorporated agreements (stipulations) or prior orders

Privacy or legal restrictions

Marriage records

  • Access controls: Vermont vital records are subject to state vital records laws and administrative rules. Certified copies are generally issued to eligible requesters under Vermont’s eligibility criteria and identification requirements.
  • Redaction/limited disclosure: Some data elements may be restricted in certified copies or non-certified informational copies depending on state policy and record age.

Divorce and annulment records

  • Public access with exceptions: Vermont court case files are generally public records, but family cases frequently include information subject to confidentiality protections or redaction under Vermont court rules and state law.
  • Sealed or protected information: Records involving minors, certain financial information, addresses, and sensitive personal identifiers may be restricted. Courts may also issue sealing orders in specific matters, limiting access to some or all filings and exhibits.
  • Certified copies: Courts can issue certified copies of decrees and judgments; access to underlying filings can be limited by confidentiality rules even when the docket and final disposition are available.

Education, Employment and Housing

Caledonia County is in Vermont’s Northeast Kingdom, bordering New Hampshire along the Connecticut River. The county is predominantly rural with small town centers (notably St. Johnsbury as the largest service hub) and widely dispersed villages. Population levels are modest by state standards and skew older than the U.S. average, with a housing stock dominated by single-family homes and seasonal/rural properties. Primary community institutions include town-based school districts and regional employers in healthcare, education, manufacturing, and retail/services.

Education Indicators

Public schools (count and names)

A single countywide “number of public schools” is not consistently published in one authoritative place because Vermont operates through supervisory unions/districts that span town boundaries. In Caledonia County, major public school providers include:

Because school configurations and governance can change (mergers, grade reconfigurations), the Vermont School Directory is the most reliable reference for the current list of school names and locations serving Caledonia County.

Student–teacher ratios and graduation rates

  • Student–teacher ratio (proxy): County-specific ratios are not always published as a single statistic across districts. Vermont’s public schools generally operate with low student–teacher ratios relative to the U.S., reflecting rural scale and small school sizes. The most consistent place to retrieve district/school ratios is the Vermont education data reporting portal: Vermont Agency of Education data and reporting.
  • Graduation rates: Vermont reports graduation outcomes by supervisory union/district and high school. Caledonia County high schools typically align with state graduation-rate reporting rather than a county aggregate. The official graduation data are published by the Vermont Agency of Education: Vermont graduation rates.
    Countywide graduation-rate values are not consistently provided as a single figure; district/high-school reporting is the standard format in Vermont.

Adult education levels

Adult educational attainment is available through the U.S. Census Bureau’s American Community Survey (ACS). The most recent ACS 5-year profile for Caledonia County provides:

  • High school diploma or higher (age 25+): reported in ACS educational attainment tables.
  • Bachelor’s degree or higher (age 25+): reported in ACS educational attainment tables.

The most direct source is the Census Bureau’s county profile pages (select Caledonia County, VT): U.S. Census Bureau data (ACS).
County-level attainment estimates can vary year-to-year due to sampling; ACS 5-year estimates are the standard for small-area reliability.

Notable programs (STEM, vocational training, AP)

  • Career and Technical Education (CTE): Vermont’s CTE system is organized regionally and serves multiple towns. Caledonia County students commonly access programs through regional CTE centers; program availability (trades, health careers, information technology, etc.) is published through Vermont’s CTE pages and regional center sites: Vermont Career and Technical Education.
  • Advanced Placement (AP) / dual enrollment: Offerings vary by high school; Vermont also supports dual enrollment statewide through approved providers. State references: Vermont Dual Enrollment.
    AP course availability is school-specific and is not compiled as a countywide inventory in a single standard dataset.

School safety measures and counseling resources

Vermont school safety and student support are typically addressed through:

  • School safety plans, emergency procedures, and coordination with local responders, published at the district/school level (policies vary by district).
  • Student services teams, school counselors, and mental health supports commonly provided through school counseling staff and partnerships with local mental health agencies. State-level frameworks include Vermont’s student support guidance: Vermont Agency of Education—Student Support.
    Specific staffing ratios for counselors/social workers are generally published by districts (budgets and annual reports), not as a single county statistic.

Employment and Economic Conditions

Unemployment rate (most recent)

The standard source for county unemployment is the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (LAUS) and state labor-market reporting.

  • Caledonia County unemployment rate: available from Vermont’s labor market data pages and BLS series for county-level estimates: Vermont Labor Market Information and BLS Local Area Unemployment Statistics.
    The most recent annual average and latest monthly values are published in those systems; county unemployment is typically low by national standards but sensitive to seasonal patterns in rural areas.

Major industries and employment sectors

Industry composition is best summarized using ACS “Industry by occupation” and County Business Patterns context. In Caledonia County, major sectors commonly include:

  • Healthcare and social assistance
  • Educational services
  • Manufacturing (including smaller-scale specialty manufacturing)
  • Retail trade
  • Construction
  • Accommodation and food services
  • Public administration These sector shares are available in ACS tables and profiles: ACS industry and workforce tables (Census).

Common occupations and workforce breakdown

Occupational groupings in the county generally reflect rural New England labor markets:

  • Management, business, and financial
  • Office and administrative support
  • Sales
  • Education, training, and library
  • Healthcare practitioners/support
  • Production and transportation/material moving
  • Construction and extraction
  • Service occupations (food, building/grounds, personal care) ACS provides occupational distributions at the county level: ACS occupation tables (Census).

Commuting patterns and mean commute time

  • Mean commute time (proxy): County mean commute time is reported in ACS commuting characteristics. Rural counties in Vermont typically show moderate commute times with a strong reliance on personal vehicles and limited fixed-route transit coverage outside town centers. The county’s mean commute time and commute modes (drive alone, carpool, work from home, etc.) are available in ACS: ACS commuting characteristics.
  • Commuting geography: Many workers commute to employment hubs within the region (including St. Johnsbury and adjacent counties) and across the Connecticut River into New Hampshire in some corridors. “County-to-county commuting flows” are available through the Census LEHD program: LEHD OnTheMap commuting flows.

Local employment vs. out-of-county work

The best measure is the LEHD “Residence Area vs. Workplace Area” flow:

  • Resident workers employed in-county vs. out-of-county: available via OnTheMap.
    Rural counties typically have a meaningful share of out-of-county commuting due to dispersed job sites and regional service centers.

Housing and Real Estate

Homeownership rate and rental share

  • Homeownership and renter share: County tenure (owner-occupied vs. renter-occupied) is reported in ACS housing tables. Caledonia County typically reflects higher homeownership than urban areas, with rentals concentrated in town centers and near major employers. Source: ACS housing tenure (Census).

Median property values and recent trends

  • Median owner-occupied home value: available via ACS (median value of owner-occupied housing units). Source: ACS median home value.
  • Recent trends (proxy): Vermont experienced substantial home-price appreciation in 2020–2023, followed by slower growth as interest rates rose; rural counties generally saw tightening inventory and elevated prices compared with pre-2020 levels. For transactional trend context, statewide and county market indicators are commonly summarized by the Vermont housing finance agency and state housing organizations: Vermont Housing Finance Agency and Vermont Agency of Commerce and Community Development—Housing.
    County-specific median sale prices are typically sourced from REALTOR/MLS reports; ACS provides consistent medians for owner-occupied values rather than sales prices.

Typical rent prices

  • Median gross rent: available via ACS for the county: ACS median gross rent.
    Rents tend to be lower than Burlington-area markets but can be constrained by limited supply, especially for units meeting modern energy and code standards.

Types of housing

Caledonia County housing stock is characterized by:

  • Single-family detached homes (dominant)
  • Manufactured homes/mobile homes in some rural and semi-rural areas
  • Small multifamily buildings and apartments concentrated in village/town centers (e.g., St. Johnsbury-area core)
  • Rural lots and older farmhouses with longer travel times to services
    These structural-type distributions are published in ACS “Units in structure” tables: ACS housing structure type.

Neighborhood characteristics (proximity to schools/amenities)

  • Town centers: Higher concentration of rentals, walkable access to schools, libraries, and basic retail/medical services; older housing stock is common.
  • Rural roads and hill towns: Larger lots, greater distance to schools and amenities, higher transportation dependence, and more variable broadband coverage.
    Quantified neighborhood accessibility measures are not consistently available as a countywide dataset; the most standardized county-level proxies are ACS travel time, vehicle availability, and housing location characteristics.

Property tax overview (rate and typical cost)

Vermont property taxation is structured primarily through:

  • Municipal property taxes and a statewide education property tax system, with rates varying by town and whether the property is homesteaded. Official explanations and current-year rates are published by the Vermont Department of Taxes: Vermont property tax overview.
  • Typical homeowner cost (proxy): “Median real estate taxes paid” for owner-occupied housing units is available in ACS for Caledonia County: ACS real estate taxes.
    A single “average property tax rate” for the county is not a standard published statistic in Vermont because rates are set at the town level and depend on education tax factors and property classification.

Table of Contents

Other Counties in Vermont